The Technology Research Of Abalone Cross Breeding

Abalone is popular for delicious flavor and nutrition. In China,with the rapid development of abalone breeding technology,it brings more and more economic benefits. However,along with the growing expansion of its breeding and frequent phenomenon of environmental pollution,disease threat aggravating gradually. Due to years of selfing breeding,it leads to the deterioration of the germplasm resources and the degradation of excellent characters. They are serious threat to the healthy and sustainable development of abalone aquaculture. Therefore, this test studied the hybridization of Haliotis discus hannai,H.discus discus and H.diversicolor aquatilis in farms. The hybrid effects were discussed by designing different hybrid combination to summarize the best hybrid way and technical method,gaining the abalone of high quality,so that,we could solve the problems in the degradation of its germplasm resource in this paper. The test was mainly divided into the following three parts:1. In seedling pool,we studied the hybridization experiment of H.discus hannai and H.discus discus,we observed and recorded the effect of abalone hybridization. The positive and reverse hybridization results could be seen that the embryonic development of hybrid zygote was normal. Both positive and reverse hybridization combination can get normal,healthy abalone juveniles; The seedling survival rate in their selfing combination was only about 0.8% while fertilization rate reached 95% and hatching rate was 91.8%. But the fertilization rate of hybrid group was 92.3%,the hatching rate was 88.8% and the seedling survival rate was about 1.0%. The results showed that the fertilization rate and hatching rate of hybridization combination were less than two parents selfing group,but the seedling survival rate was higher than that in two parent group(increased by more than 20%); The average shell length of hybrid abalone juveniles showed better. The average shell length of hybridization combination was significantly higher than that in two parents selfing group.2. H.discus hannai and H.diversicolor aquatilis were cultivated in the cultivating pool of parent abalone. We observed and recorded the effects of the crossbreeding test. Because of the problems of genetic relationship,the fertilization rate, hatching rate and survival rate of the hybrid combinations was lower,the hybrid combination of H.discus hannai(♂) and H.diversicolor aquatilis(♀) achieved the highest fertility rate,it was around 3.2%. The hatching rate was about 13.1%. But the fertilization rate of selfing combination was 76.5%,the hatching rate was 63.6%; Compared with combination of selfing,hybrid group had a lower fertilization and hatching rate,but in the first generation of its positive and negative hybrid combination,its daily average growth reached about 155 microns,while the daily average growth in the cross combination was only about 133 microns. The difference between them were obvious. The abalone of the hybrid combination had an uniform size and the difference is small, it shew the heterosis.3. We observed the oxytocin and fertilization conditions of the hybrid abalone by injecting the HCG to H.discus hannai and H.diversicolor aquatilis. The fertilization experiment was carried out in the ammonia water. At the same time,we set the fertilization factor strengthen test by using the high p H high calcium concentrate homemade and mixed fertilization test. We compared the size of the cross fertilization rate and summarized the specific effects of each impact factor in the hybrid process. Experimental results showed that the minimum oxytocin rates in the combinations injected the HCG were higher than the combinations without injecting the HCG. It showed that HCG had a certain effect on the pro abalone gonad and contributed to the development of pro abalone gonad and synchronous maturity,but it had little effects on the fertilization rate. The fertilization rate of the fertilization experiment in the ammonia water was significantly higher than that in the control group. The difference between the two combinations proved that the ammonia water had an obviously positive effect on the cross fertilization. The fertilization rate in the combination without dealing with concentrate was significantly lower than that in the group which was processed by high p H high calcium. Therefore, the concentrate could effectively improve the cross fertilization rate of abalone. The fertilization rate in the combination of mixed fertilization showed that mixed fertilization was an effective way to improve the cross fertilization rate of abalone.