Mode Of High Quality And Efficient Use With Water And Fertilizers In Greenhouse Tomato

Using a greenhouse experiment and quadratic orthogonal regressive rotation design with five factors, the effects of irrigation amount(I) and fertilizer rates of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), potassium(K), organic(O) fertilizer on yield, quality of tomato fruits, water and nutrient use efficiency were investigated. The Baowei F1 was selected as test materials. On the basis of the determination of yield, quality of the tomato fruit, water use efficiency and nutrient use efficiency, a regression model on water and fertilizer and measuring item was established. Single and coupling effects were analyzed. The main results were as follows:(1)With the increasing of irrigation amount and K fertilizer rate, tomato yield was increased at first and then decreased. Tomato yield was decreased at first then increased when added N fertilizer rate, what is more, it reached the highest value when N applied highest level. Increasing p or organic fertilizer rate can decrease the titratable tomato yield. There were positive interaction effects between irrigation amount and K fertilizer rate, N and organic fertilizer rate or P and K fertilizer rate on yield. Besides, there were negative interaction effects between irrigation amount and organic fertilizer rate, N and K fertilizer rate or P and organic fertilizer rate on yield.Besides, when levels of water, and rates of N, P, K, organic fertilizer were-2,2,-2,-2,2(347mm、1200kg/ha、0kg/ha、0kg/ha、900kg/ha), yield reached its maximum 118064.8kg/ha.(2)With the increasing of irrigation amount, water use efficiency was significantly decreased. But increasing N fertilizer rate can significantly increase the water use efficiency. The relationship between water use efficiency and P, K or organic fertilizer rate could be estimated with a second-degree parabola, which were open downward. Water use efficiency were highest under the intermediate level of P, K or organic fertilizer.(3)NUE linearly declined with increasing irrigation amount; it decreased at first and then rose with increasing N or Organicfertilizer rate; it gradually rose with an increasing higher speed when Kfertilizer rate was increasingly higher. With the increasing of P or organic fertilizer rate, NUE was increased at first and then decreased. The relationship between PUE and N fertilizer rate could be estimated with a second-degree parabola, which were open upward. PUE linearly declined with increasing P fertilizer rate; and with the increasing of Kfertilizer rate, PUE was significantly increased. With the increasing of organic fertilizer rate, PUE was increased at first and then decreased. There was no significant effect of irrigation amount on PUE. KUE linearly declined with increasing irrigation amount. The relationship between KUE and N fertilizer rate could be estimated with a second-degree parabola, which were open upward. With the increasing of organic fertilizer rate, KUE was increased at first and then decreased. There was no significant effect of P or K on KUE. When Codes of I, rates of N, P, K and O were-2,-2,0,2,0(347mm、0kg/ha、468kg/ha、1536kg/ha、450kg/ha)、 2,-2,2,2,-2,( 347mm、0kg/ha、468kg/ha、1536kg/ha、450kg/ha)、-2,-2,-2,-2,-2(347mm、0kg/ha、0kg/ha、0kg/ha、450kg/ha),as a result, NUE, KUE, PUE were reached there maximum respectively.(4)The comprehensive quality index was constructed according to the technique for the principle component analysis method. The results showed that if codes of other four factors were zero, the comprehensive quality showed a downward quadratic parabola in response to the increase of irrigation amount, as it did in the case of N and K fertilizer rate. It is interesting that an upward quadratic parabola occurred with the increase of organic fertilizer rate. There was no significant effect of P fertilizer rate on comprehensive quality. There were negative interaction effects between irrigation amount and K fertilizer rate, P and K fertilizer rate on comprehensive quality. Tomato comprehensive evaluation index(5) The tomato comprehensive evaluation index was constructed according to the technique for the principle component analysis method. The results showed that when codes of rates of N,P and O were-2 and codes of I and rate of K were 2, tomato comprehensive index reached its peak.