Studies On Light Characteristic And Yield Of Maize And Soybean Intercropping Mode Under Reduction Of Fertilizer

Rational planting patterns can take advantage of resources and significantly increase crop yields. Maize is China’s major grain crops, soybean is China’s major oil crops, both in our farming are important. How to effectively use complementary differences to achieve the double yield is worthy of exploring. After two years of field trials, aimming to explore the difference between light characteristic and yield in different fertilization levels under multiple planting patterns of maize andsoybean. To provide a reliable theoretical for effective planting. Experimental results show that:1.Effect of fertilizer reduction on photosynthetic characteristics of maize and soybeanThe Pn and chlorophyll content of maize increased in growth period, and in tasseling stage reaches the maximum, then followed by a downward trend. The maize and soybean intercropping pattern in high nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer, in the seedling stage of increased 12.34%, jointing stage improved 13.24%, trumpet stage increased 16.36%, pumping in tasseling stage to improve the 19.71%, filling stage increased by 13.39% than monoculture maize. Leaf area index in tasseling stage to filling stage reaches the maximum, followed by a downward trend; including leaf area index, The maize and soybean intercropping pattern in high nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer than monoculture maize increased 0.09, than monoculture maize without fertilizer increased 0.84; canopy light transmittance ratio increase with the leaf area index decreases, the filling stage of maize and soybean intercropping at high nitrogen fertilizer and application of organic fertilizer reduced 19.19% compared with monoculture maize without fertilizer treatment. When maize was used to intercropping with soybean, the photosynthetic rate of leaves increased, the leaf area coefficient and chlorophyll content of the leaves increased, the relative activity of PEPCase and Rubisco were increased, but the difference was not significant.The chlorophyll content of soybean with the growing increase showed the trend of first increased and then decreased, and at anthesis reached maximum soybean monoculture of high nitrogen fertilizer and increasing application of organic fertilizer was 5.67, than in the soybean and maize,without nitrogen treatment increased the content of chlorophyll a of 23.07%. In soybean monocropping and intercropping with corn, light on the net photosynthetic rate has a certain impact. Soybean leaf net photosynthetic rate in flowering stage and podding stage reached maximum soybean monoculture of high nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer, than in the soybean maize without fertilizer could improve the 8.56. When intercropped with maize, lower chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate than when soybean monoculture.Increasing application of organic manure fertilizer than net photosynthetic rate increased, pumping time male maize was 17.17%, pod of soybean leaves increased 7.98%, and significantly delayed leaf senescence rate, such that the blades in the late growth stage to maintain green, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combined application effect is better than that of single application. Under different fertilization levels, the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, green leaf area decreased and canopy transmittance increased with the decrease of amount of fertilizer application.. There were significant differences between high N and N and no nitrogen, and there was no significant difference between the medium and nitrogen, and there were no significant differences between middle and low N and n.2. Effect of fertilizer reduction on maize and soybean production characteristicsMaize was positively correlated with than corn, maize plant height and stem diameter increase with the growth period increased with increasing in maize and soybean intercropping high nitrogen and increase the application of organic fertilizer, tasseling stage in maize plant height at jointing stage increased 145.33 cm grouting in monoculture soybean plant height increased 0.49%, stem diameter increased 3.80%, plant height and stem diameter and amount of fertilizer; maize plant water content showed the first increased and then decreased trend with plant maturation and senescence of maize plant water content decreased gradually to a minimum, different fertilization level significant differences; maize plant dry matter accumulation gradually increased in mature period accumulation increased to maximum. On maize yield component factor analysis shows, corn for rod long than mono cropping average growth 0.12 cm, bald tip length decreases 1.13 cm, number of rows per ear increased 0.38, grain number per row increase 1.75, 100 grain weight was increased 3.61 g. The average increase of 0.12 cm, the length of bare tip and the number of rows increased by, the number of rows increased by 0.63, the number of rows increased by 1.21, the weight of the grain increased by 2.93 g. The maize yield in monoculture and intercropping with soybean under differences. When intercropping with soybean, the yield of maize increased by 1.52%, and the yield of organic fertilizer increased by 0.91%.The soybean pod number, fruiting rate, full rate of pod, yield per plant and 100 grain weight analysis shows, different planting patterns between soybean yield constitute factors are different, the soybean as pod number than monoculture decreased on the average rates decreased 0.86%, seed setting rate reduced 5.94%, yield per plant 1.92 g decreases and 100 grain weight increased 3.61 g 5.13 cm. Increasing application of organic manure fertilizer soybean than for pod number than monocropping increased by an average rate 7.37 cm, pod increased 2.40%, seed setting rate increased 1.38%, the yield increased 1.43 g, 100 grain weight was increased 0.81 g.3. Effect of fertilizer reduction maize and soybean grain protein and fat contentMaize and soybean intercropping and monoculture, there was significant difference of protein content in Maize grain. Monoculture under the average protein content of soybean seed is 38.83%, soybean and maize intercropping the average content of protein in soybean seed was 40.75%. The differences of protein contents of corn grain under the application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were different.. The average content of protein in soybean seeds treated by organic fertilizer was 40.49%, and protein content was 39.09% under chemical fertilizer application.. The content of protein was positively correlated with fertilization amount. Monoculture soybean yield was significantly higher than that of Intercropping with maize, increase the application of organic fertilizer increased soybean yield, at the highest reached 4210 kg / hm2.Monoculture maize and soybean as, in maize grain fat content exist significant differences, monoculture soybean average fat content was 17.92, soybean and maize intercropping average content of fat in soybean seeds was 18.05. The differences of the contents of fat in the corn kernel were different from the application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.. The average content of fat in soybean seeds treated by applying organic fertilizer was 18.34, and the protein content was 17.62 under chemical fertilizer application..4. Effects of fertilizer reduction on soil PH levels and nitrogen contentsMaize and soybean intercropping compared with maize monoculture, soil PH increased 0.14%, but the difference was not significant. The soil PH increased with the application of organic fertilizer and fertilizer, and the decrease of PH gradually increased with the increase of the amount of fertilizer, and there were significant differences between different fertilizer rates. The increase of PH in soil was increased by application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.. Under maize monoculture of high nitrogen treatment, soil pH lowest is 8.22, soil PH the highest for maize and soybean as nitrogen 8.35.Intercropping and monoculture, soil nitrogen content increased 3.74%.. The nitrogen content of the soil increased by 2.09% compared with the application of chemical fertilizer. With the decrease of fertilizer amount, the soil nitrogen content decreased.