Studies On The High Yield Nutrients And Characteristic Of Wheat And Maize In Different Intercropping Patterns

Suitable land areas for food production in China remain fixed and may even be decreasing and they are becoming more important to raise crop productivity in order to meet the increasing food requirement of the increasing population. Through more effectively using of space nutrients and energy, Intercropping can significantly enhance crop productivity compared to the growth of sole crops . The objectives of this study are to analysis the difference between yields, nutrients absorption and utilization, roots size and radical exudates by compared intercropping with sole cropping. Three intensive intercropping patterns, (A)wheat II spring maize/summer maize (B)spring maize/ summer maize and (C)wheat-summer maize , were assessed at high, middle and no fertilizer levels in the field of Yannan cottage, Tai'an. The experiments were also conducted with pots and rhizoboxes methods, in which root system partitions were used to determine the importance of factors under ground. Wheat and maize were also grown in water to detect the exudates with intercropping and sole cropping treatments. The results of the experiments were as follows:1 Three intensive intercropping patterns produced over 18000kg grain per hm2, super high yields came into true in these multiple cropping systems.2 The dry matter weight of wheat in first pattern was larger than that of the third pattern, but the tillers and the harvest index were less than that of the third pattern, so the yields of wheat in third pattern were higher. The yields of spring maize were markedly larger in the second patterns, this is related to the dry matter accumulation and grains per ear. The dry matter weight of summer maize in the third pattern was the largest one, then the first patterns, the smallest one is the second pattern. The numbers of tiller and water content in grains of wheat were more in the third pattern than in the first pattern.3 The absorption of N P K. in wheat and maize was increased with the grow period.The order of nutrient utilization efficiency in system was : (C) >(A) >(B). Fertilization can significantly increase the absorption efficiency of nutrients, decrease the utilization efficiency, and significantly improve the yields of crops, but the difference was not markedly.4 The yields of maize and marginal wheat were reduced 38.1%-43.4% and 11.15-18.5% respectively by separating roots in wheat/maize intercropping system. Root volume number activity length of wheat and maize were decreased in separating treatments. The roots of maize mainly distribute in 0-10 cm soil clay during seedling period. The weight of wheat root was increased in intercropping system.5 The yields of crops were significantly affected by the different treatments under ground. The effect of underground factors on the yield in wheat/maize intercropping was different with varieties. The dry weights of straw and grains yield of wheat between two treatments, which was separated by the nylon net or by a wood plate were significantly different.6 No matter intercropping or solecropping, the content of N and K in rhizosphere was lower than in bulk soil. In intercropping system, the content of N in maize rhizosphere and the content of P and K in wheat rhizosphere were increased.8 The varieties and number of organic acid in exudate were significantly increased when wheat and maize were intercropped.