| The experiment was carried out to study the effects of film mulching, straw returning and no-tillage on physiological characteristics, pod yield, seed quality of summer-sowing peanut and soil fertility using the precocious strain 365-1 as experimental material in Shandong Agricultural University from 2013 to 2014. The results were as follows: 1 The effect of cultivation modes on soil physical and chemical characteristics.Film mulching and straw returning reduced the soil bulk density, but increased soil porosity, improving soil physical properties. Straw returning increased the soil organic matter and available N, P, K content. Film mulching promoted the crops on the absorption of nutrients, reducing the soil organic matter, available N content. At the same time film mulching improved soil hydrothermal condition, accelerating the effects of potassium, slightly increasing the available k content in soil. No-tillage increased the soil organic matter, available K content, but reduced the available N, P content.Film mulching and straw returning increased the number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes, but reduced the fungi. Contrary to film mulching and straw returning, no-tillage made the bacteria, actinomyces quantity less, but increased fungi. Film mulching improved the fertility of the soil respiration rate in growth stage, but decreased in the late bearing. Straw returning increased peanut soil respiration rate in the whole stages. No-tillage planting soil respiration rate was low. Straw returning and film mulching cultivation improved the soil physical properties, and enhanced the soil nutrient content, increasing the microorganism quantity and activity. 2 The effect of cultivation modes on physiological characteristics of summer-sowing peanut.Film mulching promoted the peanut early vegetative growth. The peanut had higher chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate, increasing leaf NR, antioxidant enzyme activity and the root activity. Late bearing, it appeared premature aging, reducing chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and antioxidant enzyme activity, MDA content increased. Straw returning affected peanut seedling stage growth. In the late bearing, higher chlorophyll content, higher photosynthetic rate and root activity increased NR and antioxidant enzyme activity, staying aging. No-tillage made the peanut viability low, affecting the peanut plant growth and leaf photosynthetic performance. In pod filling and harvest stage, no-tillage maintained a higher chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activity, staying the senescence of leaf blade. Straw mulching cultivation relieved the bad effect of peanuts. 3 The effect of cultivation modes on pod yield and seed quality of summer-sowing peanut.Film mulching and straw returning significantly reduced the number of kilograms of fruit. They had a significant increase in pods yield. No-tillage planting significantly reduced the peanut seedling emergence, having a bad effect on the formation of production, cut 6.24%. Compared to straw returning and none film mulching cultivation, no-tillage and straw mulching cultivation as conservation tillage, with increasing pod yield as 4.71%. We could get the highest pod yield by straw returning and film mulching cultivation.Film mulching treatment significantly increased fat content in the kernel, smaller effects on protein and soluble sugar content. At the same time the content of palmitic, oleic, linoleic, Met and Phe had raised. They had certain effect on improving the quality of peanuts. Straw returning also improved the content of kernel fat, palmitic, linoleic, Met and Phe.But it reduced the oleic content, making the O/L low. No-tillage cultivation could not improve seed quality of peanut. Straw returning and film mulching cultivation increased the content of the kernel protein and fat and improved the quality of the kernels.Based on the above analysis.In poor soil moisture and accumulated temperature areas, taking straw returning and film mulching cultivation is to meet the summer peanut growing conditions. In appropriate soil moisture and accumulated temperature areas, taking no-tillage and straw mulching cultivation is to save time and labor. |
