Research Of Farmers Winter Wheat High Yield And Nutrient Efficiency Limiting Factor In Baoding

In the case of our growing population, China’s grain demand is increasing. However, there is continued reduction of arable land, so how to increase food yields become an important way to solve the problem of food needs, although in breeding high-yielding varieties and the development of high-yield cultivation techniques have made great progress, but the actual production of winter wheat production potential has not full play to understand the urgent need to address the problem of balanced yield wheat;currently, there is the actual production is only concerned about yield, but ignored the problem of fertilizer efficiency, resources and the environment to bring greater pressure. Therefore, how to achieve a balanced crop yield while improving water use efficiency of major technical problems to be solved is currently.In this study, the Baoding area of winter wheat for the study, by farmers fertilization management,soil fertility and yield were collected and measured through scientific analysis to find Baoding high yielding winter wheat lines limiting factor, verified by experiment limiting factor for high yield and high line, High Yield and establish Baoding system, relying on Agricultural Science and yard farmers guidance and training platform, designed to provide the theoretical basis for increasing the yield of winter wheat Baoding, improve fertilizer use efficiency, to ensure national food security. The following conclusions:(1) Through the farmers yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat, 2012- 2103 and2013--2014 years to achieve high yield only 20% of households and 28% of the total two-year high in nitrogen use efficiency of households accounted for 35% of the total respectively and 38%, while high production and efficiency can be achieved only 6.6% and 7.9%.(2)Acres of winter wheat yield components on yield big ears, a direct correlation coefficient of0.4567, yield components with nitrogen use efficiency were not significantly correlated. By optimizing tillage planting can improve the quality of basic seedling further increase production; choose a reasonable assurance before winter planting dates can reach 600 ℃ accumulated over thus ensuring acres spike thereby improving yields.(3) Lot different locations between high organic matter content of the winter wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency was significantly higher than at the lower organic content. Farmers planting winter wheat varieties of clutter, including a large area planted with varieties yield and nitrogen use efficiency Jimai22 highest reached 7.2t / ha in two years, 22 kg / kg and 7.9t / ha, 27 kg / kg. Farmers mainly for irrigation times 3 times and 4 times, about 70% of the farmers irrigated three times, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat farmers irrigate four times to 3 times the farmers increased by12.3% and 7.5%. Pesticide spraying 4-5 times better times, this time for the winter wheat yield can reach a maximum 6.8-7.5t / ha; but little effect on the frequency of spraying nitrogen fertilizer useefficiency. The right amount of sowing and soil preparation quality can be optimized to improve yield and fertilizer use efficiency of winter 10.6%, 20.1% and 10.1%, 9.5%. After sowing repression and pouring water hooded less repression, not pouring hooded water yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat increased by 10.8% and 22.8%. Late foliar application of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and yield of winter wheat zinc sulfate increased by 10.5% and 14.3%.(4)The existing fertilizer level, total fertilization on winter wheat yield little effect, but production has not been increased with the amount of fertilizer, the nitrogen rate reached 300 kg / ha yield is the highest yield followed a downward trend; jointing stage nitrogen fertilizer on yield greater growth of the seedlings under different nitrogen rate to 75 kg / ha and 135 kg / ha for the most suitable fertilizer production was not compared with 48.5% and 35.5% increase. Decrease the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased nitrogen use efficiency, increase the amount of phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency increased first decreasing trend, nitrogen use efficiency at existing levels of potassium increase the amount of potassium increases with the application.(5)Winter wheat productivity and efficiency technique system main measures are as follows: Choose water-saving, high yield and resistance both varieties such as SX733, Jimai22 like; corn harvest, fully crushed straw and spread evenly on the surface, for three consecutive in the above rotary land shall be more than 30 cm deep plowing, plowing after harrowing, Mo pressure, deep over the last 3 years Lot,Rotary 1-2 times, the depth should reach more than 15 cm; Hebei Winter Wheat sowing October 5-15 May, the best sowing period 5-8 October, sowing suitable amount of 12.5-15 kg / mu. Each delayed one day after sowing rate increased 0.5 kg; timely sowing water pouring hooded; spring fertilization and irrigation should be based on growth of the seedlings and soil moisture.