Technical Structure And Benefit Analysis Of Modern Apple Orchards

Traditional apple industries face various problems, such as long periodical pruning, orchards canopy, the deterioration of ecological environment, difficult management and intensive labors. With the continuous development of social economy, the rural labor forces transfer to the town gradually and the quantity, structure and quality of agricultural employments have changed. The shortage of agricultural labor forces, especially the high-quality workforce has been an indisputable fact. Due to the rise of labor costs, the traditional apple production costs will increase gradually, the production efficiency also decreases, which undoubtedly restrict the development of apple industries. Therefore, based on the priority consideration of industrial comprehensive benefits, how to reduce the labor amounts of orchards has become the main problems faced by apple producers, especially the new type of agricultural management bodies, when they conduct a large scale of apple productions. The modern orchards are the developmental trends of future apple industries, they make full use of modern equipment and advanced science and technology, and adopt the cultivation mode of dwarfing close planting. Finally we can realize the mechanization of farming operations, the simplification of technologies, and the standardization of productions. We aim at minimizing labors farthest, reducing production costs and enhancing production efficiency, then we could achieve the best returns.Modern apple orchards adopt a whole set of complete technical system. We use dwarf stocks to weaken the growth potential of plants, and through adjusting the allocation of photosynthetic products to realize the reasonable regulation of vegetative growth, reproductive growth and the rhythm, therefore the apple trees could blossom and bear fruits in advance. Scientific planting mode provides enough row space for machinery operation. Building orchards with large seedlings can effectively shorten the period for seedling to bear fruits. Combined with the tall spindle pruning technology, makes the pruning quick and simplify, and ensures the ventilation and light transmission, which not only promote apples’ coloring, and improve the micro-environment of apple orchards, but also restraint the occurrence of diseases and insects. The soil management adopts the management system of covering agricultural cloths under the trees and cultivating grasses between rows, which can maintain soil moisture effectively, reduce the times of irrigation and prevent soil compaction, and at the same time can play the role of taking shelter from the rain for roots, and prevent the occurrence of water-logging. The modern orchards adopt water saving drip irrigation mode, which realizes the integration of water and fertilizer, and improve the utilization rate of fertilizers. The utilization of large hanging sprayers, greatly reduces the labor amount of spraying and saves the spraying time. Therefore we can conduct the prevention of diseases and pests during the optimum spraying period, and avoid the loss brought by delaying the best time for prevention, and meanwhile improve the effects of using pesticides. Modern apple orchards simplify the flowers and fruits thinning through using reagents. The use of auxiliary picking platform, reduces the labor intensity and can complete the apple harvest more quickly.Through the anniversary management and investigation of modern apple orchards, the comparison with various production methods and management effects, we form a complete set of programs for modern apple orchards to establish, produce and manage. Meanwhile we should budget accurately the production costs of modern apple orchards, and analyze the orchards’ production benefit. The results provided feasible plans for new-type agricultural management bodies to invest in the modern apple industries.