| Flue-cured tobacco is an important economic crop of China, accounting for 7%-10% of the country’s fiscal revenue provided by the tax. At present, there are 26 provinces planting flue-cured tobacco, the stable production and good quality is the long-term pursuit goal of flue-cured tobacco planting. The Major product areas of flue-cured tobacco of China, many reason are reduced to degradation the physical and chemical properties of soil and decrease the quality of tobacco leaf production, such as high multiple cropping index, long-term continuous cropping and much chemical fertilizers be made.. Inorganic fertilizer has the advantage of high nutrient content, convenient storage and transportation an be absorbed quickly, but the type of nutrients is too simple; Organic fertilizer has complete nutrients, reasonable proportion, providing fertilizer and improving the function of soil, but the nutrient content is too low and exploiting is slow. Therefore, it is important to distribute the organic and inorganic reasonable in the process of flue-cured tobacco production. For this purpose, the experiment has been did in main county, Liangshan autonomous prefecture and Sichuan province, and six treatment have been set, it includes the no fertilizer (CK), pure inorganic fertilizers(CF),75% inorganic fertilizer+organic fertilizer (CF0.75+ M0.25),50% inorganic fertilizer+50% organic fertilizer (CF0.5+M0.5),25% inorganic fertilizer+75% organic fertilizer (CF0.25+M0.75) and pure organic fertilizer (M). The experiment lasted for 2 years, studying the effect of chemical fertilizer application for the production and quality of flue-cured tobacco and soil microbial. The results showed that:1. The reasonable proportion of organic and inorganic fertilizer could improve the agronomic characters of the leaves, increase the production and quality of tobacco leaves The production of tobacco leaves is CF0.5+M0.5> CF> CF0.25+Mo.75> CF0.75+ M0.25> M> CK> CF0.5+M0.5 had the highest senior tobacco leaves production in different fertilization treatment, CK was the lowest and CF is just higher than CK; the Shmuck value, of CK(1.33) was the lowest and CF0.5+M0.5(2.14) was the highest; The CF’s nitrogen alkali was lowest others treatment which was only 0.63; Potassium chloride of CF was up to 13.33, but the organic and inorganic treatment was change from 8.25 to 8.61.2. Organic fertilizer application increased significantly in soil microbial, microbiale carbon and nitrogen of M was the highest, CF0.25+M0.75 was less than M, while CF was lowest; the change of total phosphor lipid fatty acid (PLFAs) was similar with microbiale carbon and nitrogen. Organic fertilizer application could improve the number of phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil, and M had the highest ability, CF0.25+M0.75 was less than M, while CF was the lowest. In different fertilizer treatments, the diversity soil microbial and evenness index was changed from 3.008 to 3.280 and from 0.403 to 0.479 respectively. There was no significant difference among fertilizer treatments, but fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than CK.3. Organic fertilizer application significantly improved the activity of phosphatase, urease, invertase and catalase in soil. About 50 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting was the largest fertilizer consumption. CF0.5+M0.5 was strongest activity of soil enzyme, CK was the lowest, CF was just higher than CK. Therefore, the reasonable proportion of organic and inorganic fertilizer could improve the soil enzyme activity, and it is good for flue-cured tobacco nutrition and nutrient supply in growth stage.4. In 50 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting, CF0.5+M0.5 was the highest content of soil effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, CF was just lower than it. Therefore, the reasonable proportion of organic and inorganic fertilizer could improve the soil enzyme activity, and it is good for improving flue-cured tobacco nutrition and the intensity of nutrient supply in growing period. |
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