| The experiment used four amendments including gypsum,spent lentinula edodes substrate,pleurotus ostreatus and humic acid through the soil column laboratory simulation experiments for exploring the effects of different proportions of constituents for deicing salt soil.The improved soil was used indoor cultivation,experimental research object was the petunias.Based on physical and chemical index for the improved soil and the determination of plant growth and development indexes,to further explore the improvement effect of different proportions of constituents for deicing salt soil. The result indicates that：(1)Amendment after processing,the soil pH and EC value had different degrees of reduction value. The humic acid had the most significant effect to reduce soil pH and EC value,after the treatment for F3 (2.4 g/kg),soil pH values of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm significantly decreased by 0.32 and 0.38 units compared to the control CK：EC values were reduced 0.16 ms·cm-1 and 0.03 ms·cm-1 compared to the control CK.(2) Four kinds of improved treatments, soil water soluble salt ions varied in different degree change. The content of Na+ and Cl- in 0-20 cm soil layer decreased by 74.89%～91.56% and 62.78%～93.93%;The content of Mg2+ and Ca2+ increased by 7.55%～52.94% and -4.35%～21.74%, The mushrooms mushroom residue treatment was the most effective, spent lentinula edodes substrate had the most effective, With the increase of mushrooms mushroom bran dosage, content of Na+ and Cl- in the soil decreased more significant effect; different modifier on the influence of the content of water-soluble K+ ion in soil is different, mushroom bran had the better effect than the other treatments, so that the K+ ion content in soil was increased by 37.33%～447.20%.(3) For the soil bulk density and porosity, significance of spent lentinula edodes substrate and pleurotus ostreatus improvement effect was obviously higher than that of desulfurization gypsum and humic acid. The treatment for X3 (24 g/kg) can make the soil porosity of 87.16%, compared with the CK increased by 17.21%, the soil bulk density was 0.34 g.cm3 after treatment, reduced by 57.29% compared with CK.(4) From the 0-20 cm soil layer, soil organic matter content were increased in the application of soil conditioner, enhance the ability of preserving water and fertilizer in soil ,to improve the effect of soil fertility. The effect of spent lentinula edodes substrate for available phosphorus and nitrogen was most significant, respectively increased by 80.9% and 82% than CK.(5) Soil improvement agent after the treatment, the number of soil microorganism was increased, the quantity of soil microorganism and activity affect the effective utilization of soil nutrients, mutualtransformation,soil fertility and soil development.Mushrooms mushroom bran had the most significant effect to increase the number of soil microorganism,with the increase of fertilizer level,the more significant effect.Soil bacteria increased by 66.67%,100% and 144.44% comparied with CK；Soil fungi were increased by 46.43%,78.57% and 107.14%；the number of actinomycetes in soil were increased by 25%,66.67% and 116.67% than CK.(6)For the verification of Petunia hybrida cultivation experiment,from the view of the physiological index of plant,mushrooms mushroom bran had most significant effect for Petunia growth promoting,can significantly increase the content of chlorophyll and the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in different organs of the plant,the increasing effect was more significant with the increase of the application amount,the best modifier is the spent lentinula edodessubstrate for improving deicing salt soil. |
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