The Epidemiological Investigation Of Parasitic Ticks On Grazing Yimeng Black Goats In Taishan Mountainous Area

Ticks are obligate blood sucking arthropod, parasite in the body surface of many animals,distributed of the global, including Ixododae, Arasidae and Nuttalliellidae, with the largest number of hard ticks. They are not only sting the hosts and sucking blood, causing great harm to human and livestock; but also transmitting a great variety of human, animal diseases and anthropozoonosis, providing serious damage to human healthy and livestock husbandry development. More all kinds of pathogens not only develop in ticks but also preserve infesting for a long time. In the process of the spread of the diseases, the epidemic characteristics of ticks and tick-borne diseases were determined by the ecology and biology of ticks, at the same time, also offers the scientific basis for the integrated countermeasures of controlling ticks and the prevention of tick-borne diseases, so do research of the biological characteristics of the tick has very important theriatrics andepidemiological significance.This study was carried out in Taishan Mountainous Area of Shandong province, and a series of studies biology of the tick were conducted on the species,the seasonal dynamic of parasitic stages, distribution on the hosts and the carries of pathogens under the tick which parasite in the body of the grazing Yimeng black goats. In this study investigation of hosts,statistics etc., and cross-disciplinary approach were used. The results researching the tick-borne diseases in epidemiological studies and the controlling of ticks have very important values of theory and practical application, lay the foundation for more in-depth subsequent conduct simultaneously. The main methods and findings are as follows:1.Identification of ticksDetermined the tick is Haemaphysalis longicornis by histomorphology and molecular identification.2.The seasonal dynamic of the tickDepending on the palpation and visual examination investigated the infection of ticks on goats. The results showed that the tick begin to appear in the host surface in March, and theinfection is 40%, and then rapidly rise to100% in April, while it fall to 60% in October, finally disappeared in the goat.Using the method of investigation hosts research the dynamics of the parasitic phase of the tick. The results showed that the tick begin to appear in the host in mid-\March, and disappeared in mid-November, and there was an overlap among three stages. Larvae appeared in early in August on goats, the number peak in mid-October, then disappeared in mid-November. While nymph appeared in early in August on goats, disappeared in July, after then appeared in mid- August again, and disappeared in mid-November, the number peaks in mid-May and August respectively. The female acted in early-March and later-August, the number peaks in July, disappeared in September. The male acted in early-March and early-November, disappeared in mid-November. In the entire period of the survey, the sex ratio of females and males was 2.9:1.3.Distribution and parasitic density of ticksThe results in investigation of parasitic parts and the proportion of the number on different parts of the different development stages of the tick showed that the main sites of parasitic was ear, head, abdomen and so on, ear has the largest proportion can reached 1400,on head followed can reached 600.4.Investigation the pathogens of ticksThe results showed that there were no Coxiella burneti、 Anaplasma phagocytophilum、Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Borrelia burgdoferi detected out, while the Haemaphysalis longicornis infected by Theileria luwenshun, and the infection rates are different in each months with seasonal.