Effect Of Acid Producing Fungus On Soil Nutrition Changes And Growth Of Maize

Microbial fertilizer has good development prospect in our country. It was more and more get the favor of people, because of its balanced, non-toxic, no environmental pollution, low cost, energy saving and other characteristics. Microbial fertilizer efficiency is an effective way to solve the pollution of chemical fertilizer. How the microbial fertilizer with chemical fertilizer to promote crop growth has been the topic of attention at domestic and international Microbial fertilizer has been widely applied in developed countries, while in China the development is relatively slow. We need to promote the application of microbial fertilizer, effect and mechanism study for increasing crop yield, as the foundation of application and development of agriculture in our country.This experiment is completed at the College of Resources and Environment (Henan Agricultural University) and Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences). The starting strains were Penicillium oxalicum I1and Aspergillus niger H1.Study on the culture characteristics of fungus, the changes of soil nutrient dynamics, maize resistance as well as the field stimulation. The results were as follows:(1) The culture characteristics of fungus:Culture conditions were optimized, use the index of dry weight of mycelium and colony diameter growth rate. Comprehensive fungus yield and economic factors, the optimum culture condition: Penicillium oxalicum I1,sucrose30g,(NH4)2SO45.9g, pH7(Aspergillus niger H1, glucose31.6g, NaNO37.7g, pH5), KCl0.5g, MgSO4·7H2O0.5g, FeSO4·7H2O0.01g, K2HPO41.0g, H2O1L.(2) The experimental design was conducted in the soil culture trial to study the soil dynamic changes of pH, available phosphorus,exchangeable Ca and Mg and available Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn by two fungus(Penicillium oxalicum I1and Aspergillus niger H1). The results showed that pH decreased significantly; available phosphorus, exchangeable Ca and Mg and available Fe, Cu, Zn increased significantly; available Mn obviously decreased. On the whole, the Penicillium oxalicum’s ability of increasing available soil nutrient elements was higher than Aspergillus niger’s. The result demonstrated that the content of available soil nutrient elements was changed remarkably with strains Penicillium oxalicum treatment. The content of available phosphorous at21th day increased35.89%, the content of exchangeable magnesium, available Zn at21th day increased20.02%and37.4%respectively; the content of available Fe at15th day increased43%; the content of exchangeable Ca and available Cu at18th day increased14.51%and46.9%. However, the content of available Mn at21th day decreased32.8%.(3)Effect of the fungus on maize resistance:the optimal concentration of Penicillium oxalicum I1and Aspergillus niger H1were106-107cuf/g, this concentration can effectively improve the characters of maize. Penicillium oxalicum I1and Aspergillus niger H1can increased the content of proline in maize, increased drought resistance of maize, its has absorption function of glyphosate, and can reduce the harm to the maize and soil residues. Excessive application of bacteria can cause soil acidification, and affect the normal crop growth, we should be careful when using.(4) Using field plot test, study and compare the effect of Penicillium oxalicum I1and Aspergillus Niger H1and Bacillus Megaterium BM on protective enzymes of maize, maize yield, soil pH, and dynamic changes of soil nutrients. The results showed that application of three fungi to increase significantly the corn resistance in the seedling, jointing and booting stage of maize; Maize yield than CK increased by8.2%～15.4%under different phosphorus levels; In the first31day, three kinds of bacteria agent has a significant influence on soil pH, then influence became not significant. Application of I1,H1and BM could increase the content of soil available P, the effects of soil available Ca and Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn were significantly, Among all treatments,the ability of increasing soil exchangeable Ca and Mg was H1>I1>BM, soil available Fe Cu and Zn was H1≥BM>I1, BM>H1>I1, Zn H1>I1>BM, BM had no obvious effect on Soil Available Mn, I1andH1decreased the content of soil available Mn.Based on the above results, Penicillium oxalicum I1and Aspergillus niger H1has a positive impact on the release of nutrient elements in soil, and a significant promoting effect on maize. They are applying field test environment with the certain stability in one month. They have the development of the potential for microbial fertilizer, and can be selectively applied in agricultural production.