| Zinc is essential micronutrients element to plants and human. It is estimated that abouthalf of the world’s Cereal crops growing areas are soil zinc deficiency, more than one third ofthe population is affected by zinc deficiency, thus human body zinc deficiency problems hasbeen highlighted in recent years. The main cause of the human body zinc deficiency is thelack of dietary zinc intake. Wheat is one of the main food crops in China, also it is the mainsource for the human body zinc intake. Wheat growing areas mainly distributed in the north inChina, however, filling stage arid climate condition and high pH, calcium carbonateconcentration and low organic matter concentration and other environmental conditionsconducive to wheat root absorption of zinc potentially Zn-deficient soil, which average grainzinc concentration of only29.3mg kg-1, there are larger gap to meet the demands of thehuman body normal zinc from the zinc concentration in the seed40~60mg kg-1.In addition,due to the presence of nutrients such as phytic acid, make the grain zinc in the body’sbiological effectiveness is lower.Therefore, with low zinc wheat is the staple food for a longtime people will appear zinc deficiency problem, a serious threat to human body health.Therefore, to explore the effective measures to improve potentially Zn-deficient soil wheatzinc absorption and transport, thus improving the potentially Zn-deficient soil area of northernChina zinc concentration and biological effectiveness, and finding the agronomic measureseasy to promote the grain zinc, to solve the problem of zinc deficiency in our country crowd isof great significance.Through this study under different water and nitrogen management studythe effect of different modes of spraying zinc on zinc rich seed and fertilizer use efficiency ofwheat, and discuss the effective and measures to improve grain Zn nutritional quality ofwheat:(1) A field experiment with a split plot design was conducted in potentially Zn-deficientcalcareous soil, To investigate the effect of foliar Zn combined with N or P on the Znabsorption、translocation of winter wheat grain and fertilizer utilization efficiency underdifferent cultivation pattern and soil N application rates. The obtained results showed thatcompared to conventional planting, supplemental irrigation significantly increased grain Zn absorption, while Film mulching increased Zn translocation and fertilizer utilization efficiency.Compared to N0treatment, N120and N240significantly increased grain Zn absorption andtranslocation and fertilizer utilization efficiency. However, soil N application significantlyreduced Zn translocation in wheat. Compared to the control (foliar water), foliar Zntreatments (i.e. foliar Zn, foliar Zn combined with N, and foliar Zn combined with P)significantly increased grain Zn absorption and the trend reduced as follows: foliar Zncombined with N≥foliar Zn＞foliar Zn combined with P>CK. Grain Zn concentration wasincreased by96%in the foliar Zn combined with N treatment. Meanwhile, foliar Zntreatments also significantly increased grain Zn concentration and uptake in straw (i.e. stems,leaves, and glumes). On the contrast, foliar Zn treatments significantly reduced Zntranslocation in wheat. Compared to foliar Zn or foliar Zn combined with N treatments, foliarZn combined with P treatment significantly reduced Zn fertilizer utilization efficiency. Inconclusion, foliar Zn combined with N plus N120treatment will be an effective method toincreased grain Zn absorption and Zn fertilizer utilization efficiency in potentiallyZn-deficient calcareous soil.(2) By setting in different water management measures and different N application ratewith different measures of spraying zinc fertilizer, analyzeing Grain samples Zn, P, andprotein concentrations and grain Zn bioavailability.The obtained results showed thatcompared to conventional planting, supplemental irrigation significantly increased grain Znconcentration and bioavailability. Compared to N0treatment, N120and N240significantlyincreased grain Zn bioavailability, grain Zn concentration and protein content. Foliar Zn,foliar Zn combined with N, and foliar Zn combined with P significantly increased grain Znconcentrations, and the average extent was95.5%,96.0%, and63.5%, respectively.Meanwhile, foliar Zn, foliar Zn combined with N, and foliar Zn combined with P significantlyreduced P/Zn molar ratio, and the P/Zn molar ratio was averagely reduced by48.0%,47.5%and38.5%, respectively. Foliar Zn, foliar Zn combined with N, and foliar Zn combined with Psignificantly increased grain Zn concentration and Zn bioavailability, especially atsupplemental irrigation combined with N120and foliar Zn or foliar Zn combined with Ntreatment.Based on these results of field experiments, conclusions can be made:（1）Supplementalirrigation significantly increased grain Zn absorption、Zn concentration and bioavailability,while Film mulching increased Zn translocation（.2）Soil N application significantly increasedgrain Zn bioavailability and protein concentration（.3）The method of foliar Zn increased grainZn concentration and bioavailability is not restricted by the year, including the effect of foliarZn combined with N is better. Therefore, foliar Zn combined with N under different water and nitrogen management will be an effective method to increased grain Zn absorption and Znnutritional quality of wheat in potentially Zn-deficient calcareous soil, thus to solve theproblem of zinc deficiency in our country crowd. |
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