Study On Major Animal Epidemic Emergency Management In China

In recent years, along with the introduction of a series of laws, regulations and plans inrespect of major animal epidemic emergency management, on each level from central to local,emergency management system has been gradually established, meanwhile emergencymanagement mechanism has been improved. Particularly, epidemic situation such as: foot-and-mouth disease, highly pathogenic avian influenza, and swine streptococcosis, is effectively undercontrol, which provides rich practical experience for major animal epidemic emergencymanagement. China’s capacity for major animal epidemic emergency management has beengreatly enhanced, and has gained approval from all sectors of society, and has been highlyevaluated by related countries and international organizations. However, we must keep a clearmind, for the current situation of major animal epidemic emergency management does not permitour complacence. There are many problems as following, unsound emergency managementsystem, incomplete laws and regulations, slack operation mechanism, weak operability ofcontingency plan, lack of stable and long-acting financial security mechanism, and insufficientemergency resources reserve and so on.This paper will have a deep exploration about the theory and practice of major animalepidemic emergency management, and systematically study the situation and drawbacks ofChina’s major animal epidemic emergency management. On the basis of America’s experienceabout developing major animal epidemic emergency management system, countermeasure andsuggestions to improve that of China’s would be offered.First, reform emergency management system. In the long run, a more authoritativeorganization in China is needed, so as to integrate animal disease prevention work with controlwork in making macro decision. And try to achieve the integration of medical and veterinary, anda big health care epidemic prevention system. In the transitional period of system innovation,the focus is to accelerate the establishment of an efficient and unified emergency commandsystem, and to further rationalize veterinary medicine management system. Then try to perfectthe shifting mechanism of one integration, three modes combining joint meeting, jointprevention and control, and emergency headquarters. Finally, try to realize the transition frompassive attitude to positive reaction in advance.Second, improve emergency management laws. To begin with, speed up the establishmentof individual legal norms dealing with emergent public events, and establish horizontal ties withMajor Animal Epidemic Emergency Regulations. Blend major animal epidemic in managementstandard dealing with emergent issues, such as, natural disaster, biological terrorist attacks. Next,accelerate the formulation and revision of relevant standards and management measures ofAnimal Epidemic Prevention Law. Centering on different sectors in animal disease preventionand control, we should continue to refine corresponding measures. In order to escort foremergency work, under a state of emergency, punishment of violation behavior would be intensified. In addition, in the process of perfecting legislation, supervision mechanism of threesides should be developed including government departments, trade organizations and the socialpublic, so as to realize the great unity among the three targets: legislation, law enforcement andlaw-abiding.Third, innovate emergency management operation mechanism. To begin with threeaspects: improving the information collection and reporting system, unclogging informationtransfer and communication channel, innovating major animal disease monitoring and earlywarning mechanism, we would further improve the national animal disease telemetry network. Anational unified monitoring and epidemic information platform should be built, summarizingepidemic information coming from various ways: initiative monitoring, passive accepted reports,reports from the masses, and social media supervision, and this information would be analyzedwith an intelligent method. Thus, major animal epidemic warning function would be fullyrealized. Next, as for improving the production recovery mechanism, priority should be given tothe combination between the state financial input and commercial insurance mechanism. Byinfusing ideology, policy guidance, administrative intervention, reform of the financial supportfor animal epidemic prevention should be further deepened and expanded in insurance market. Atthe same time, current culling compensation policy should be further improved from thefollowing aspects, scientifically defining the compensation standard, expanding the scope ofcompensation, the range of diseases, and innovating the way compensation money works.Fourth, perfect preplan compilation and management. Primarily, while continuing toimprove the overall plan, we should also develop contingency plans for major diseases. Next,more support for the work of emergency drills should be given, and more trans-regional andtrans-departmental comprehensive exercises ought to be organized. Meanwhile, extensionresearch on drills’form should be energetically carried on.Fifth, establish a stable and long-term financial security mechanism. Starting fromthree aspects: increasing support, optimizing expenditure structure, and improving the supportingmechanism, we ought to establish and develop a stable and long-term mechanism of financialinvestment. In the case of present work, emphasis should be put on enhancing the grass-rootsliving conditions and infrastructure level, and prominent problems scattered people, broken linkand network should be properly solved.Sixth, promote constructing emergency resources reserve system. In respect ofemergency reserve, the emergency budget system and risk of major animal epidemic preventionfund ought to be firstly established, to ensure that the fund can be used in case of epidemicoutbreak. Next, scientifically allocate funding investment, and increase preventive investment. Asfor emergency supplies reserve, diversified ways of reserves should be formed, that is to say,integration between government reserve and enterprise reserve, combination between physicalreserve and productivity reserve, and linkage among different resources reserve for differentdisasters. In addition, we should make decision according to the local disease forecast, and thenadjust species and quantity of reserve. In terms of infrastructure reserve, the infrastructure development of animal disease monitoring and forecast, as well as cold chain system at all levelsshould be stressed, to assure the storage and transport of vaccine. In the second place, the existingresources need to be integrated, and animal disease prevention, control and detection should havea reasonable layout. And a proper layout of research platform is also needed. Throughstrengthening the frontline, sharing resources and network management, a veterinary laboratorynetwork covering the whole country will be gradually established. In the third place, the materialreserve should be included in the supporting project of national construction plan. Storage andtransfer difficulties in remote areas ought to be taken into consideration. Quantity and scaleshould be properly designed in accordance with local requirement and its situation. On thescience and technology reserve, we should strengthen both the basic and applied research onmajor animal epidemics. Basic research centers and comprehensive science bases relevant to thefollowing domains: animal diseases, zoonosis and emergency management, ought to be built. Atthe same time, the bridging between major animal disease prevention and control, and emergencymanagement, as well as interdisciplinary research need be emphasized, particularly, theacceleration of research and application of the emergency platform technology. As foremergency team reserve, from a short-term plan view, emergency training should be intensified,promoting the quality construction of emergency team reserve by training and testing all kinds ofpersonnel at all levels. From a long-term plan view, a long-term mechanism of welfare, rewardsand punishment should be established, and an emergency personnel qualification recognitionsystem is also needed, to ensure the specialty and stability of its team. Gradually, the team will beyounger, more knowledgeable and informationized.