| Callionymus beniteguri, Callionymus kitaharae and Callionymus richardsoni, which belong to Perciformes, Callionymoidei, Callionymidae, Callionymus, are important underlying fish species in China. Our study were analyzed by using morphology and mtDNA sequencing techniques in order to discuss the heteromorphus of C. beniteguri and the genetic diversity among different geographical populations, and by using mtDNA sequencing techniques to study the phylogenetic relationship among three Callionymus species. Till now, the researches about Callionymus species are rare. The results of this study fill up the blank in the field of genetics of Callionymus. At the same time, provide basic theory basis for the future management of resources and reasonable development.1. Use traditional morphology to distinguish the morphological differences between female and male C. beniteguri. Make description of first dorsal fin and anal fin. Twenty traditional morphological characters between female and male C. beniteguri were analyzed by PCA (principal component analysis), one-way ANOVA and discriminant methods. In this study, we found the female and male C. beniteguri have significant differences in ten traditional morphological characters. It may be related to the different roles of the female and male C. beniteguri played in the process of reproduction, which is the result of sex and fertility choice.2. Meristic characters and morphological characteristics were measured and the data was analyzed by the principle component analysis method, discriminatory analysis, one-way ANOVA and cluster analysis to study the morphological variations among four populations of male C. beniteguri(120individuals) collected from Dalian, Dongying, Qingdao and Rizhao. The value of meristic counts presented a large degree of cross range among4populations. The result of morphological characteristics analysis indicated that there were differences among four populations. However, in the cluster analysis, the result didn’t show the trend of the group of Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea differentiation, implied that environment factors effected more than geographic isolation.3. In order to study the genetic structure of four geographic populations about C. Beniteguri, a total of90samples were collected to amplificate and analysis the mtDNAD-loop from four locations. The result indicated that C. beniteguri in the area of Yellow sea and Bohai sea didn’t exist obvious haplotypes cluster differences. It was a continuous groups in phylogenetic development level. The genetic differentiation level of the four groups was low and not significant, this may be related to the strong proliferation ability of C. beniteguri and lack of influence the diffusion dysfunction in research area. The high level of haplotype diversity and moderate nucleotide diversity, and the Fu’s Fs and Tajima’s D test revealed that C. beniteguri had undergone population expansion in Pleistocene, which may be associated with severe climate change during the period.4. The mtDNA D-loop, COI and Cyt b fragments of three Callionymus species were amplified and sequenced, and studied the phylogenetic development of them. The result indicated three Callionymus species all formed to be monophyletic group, the three fragments can be used as DNA barcode to identify the three Callionymus species. Related aspects, Ckitaharae and C.richardsoni bit together first, and after C.beniteguri bit clustering. Calculating the time of specialization of three species based on Cyt b fragments, the splition event was happened before6,550,000to10,850,000years ago in Miocene. |
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