Effects Of Soil And Water Environment And Water Yield Different Slope Farmland Integrated Governance Model

Aiming at the serious problems in soil and water loss of slopping farmland in gentle hilly black soil region of Song-Nen Plain, took3tillage measures including deep lossing, straw returning and furrow damming and2engineering measures of mole drain and pipe drain. And combined them each other oganicly into4comprehensive technique models. Took the slopping farmland with3。of slope gradient in Hongxing Farm of the Bei-An sub-bureau of Heilongjiang Reclamation as the research object, from2011to2012, the experiments of rainfall runoff, sediment under the condition of natural rainfall has been conducted, and analysed the water content of soil, crop growth dynamic, yield, utilization efficiency, characteristics of soil erosion and nutrient loss under different modes during the period of maize growth.Traditional water-soil conservation measures such as terraces and field bund can not be conducted in the arable land in research area, because of the natural characteristics of the gentle and long slope and the sticky and heavy soil and the demand of mechanic operation which large-scale mechanic operation is especially required in Heilongjiang reclamation area. In the past, it is mostly limited by single cultivate measure to govern the slopping farmland and there are very few researches about nutrient loss. This experiment attempt to combine several tillage measures and mole drain and pipe drain which are used in farmland drainage to develop soil structure and environment, enhance soil infiltration and reduce surface runoff. Finally reach the goal of reduce water-soil loss and nutrient loss and find out the proper mode to govern the slopping farmland in research area. Besides, expect to provide data foundation and technical support to the comprehensive management of slopping farmland in gentle hilly black soil region in Heilongjiang and achieve the sustainable utilization of water and soil resources of slopping farmland.On the basis of two-year pilot study, preliminary conclusions are as follows:(1)Single and combined measures play certain role in controlling the surface runoff and soil erosion and the controlling effects are various due to different measures. Among all the measures, mode of SAL (the combination of mole drain, pipe drain and furrow damming) is the best. Compared to the conventional tillage treatment, the surface runoff and soil erosion of SAL declined to71.27mm and11.839(t/hm2) respectively.The order of runoff and soil erosion under different management is:SAL<SL<SA<SD<SJL<LQ<SS<JH<CK.(2)Significant levels of nutrient loss are closely related to the different modes. Nutrient loss under8modes are all lower than regular mode and the mode of SAL has the least nutrient loss with the ratioes of the organic matter, alkaline hydrolysis N, Olsen-P, Olsen-K loss account for0.16%,0.14%,0.04%and0,04%of the conventional tillage respectively. The order of nutrient loss under different modes is,SAL<SL<SA<SD<SJL<LQ<SS<JH<CK.(3) All of the8modes can save water and increase production, in which mode of SAL is the best. Different modes conduct various influences to the water storage in0-100cm soillayer of maize growth period, water utilization efficiency and yield. The order of effects under different modes is,CK<JH<SS<SD<SA<LQ<SJL<SL<SAL.(4) All of the8modes influence the stem diameter, index of leaf area, height of the crop and dry matter accumulation during the growth of maize and have same trend, the order of effects under different mode is,CK<SS<SD<SL<SA<JH<LQ<SJL<SAL.(5)8kinds of treatment trials on maize improvement in net output in varying degrees. Underground pipe which mousehole++ridge maximum net output fields to the district reached8641.64yuan. In order to better reflect the merits of the eight kinds of integrated governance model, the use of fuzzy matter element model based on entropy weight to conventional tillage as control of several technical model for evaluation. Each control measures C1water use efficiency (kg/hm2·mm), C2net benefits (yuan/hm2), C3nutrient loss (kg/hm2), C4runoff (mm), CS soil erosion (t/hm2) and five evaluation, according to the European nearness size sorting, comprehensive measures sloping merits of small to large order of:General, straw, deep pine ridge to the district field, deep pine straw++ridge to District Tian, mousehole, the mousehole+underground pipe, mousehole+ridge to the district land, underground pipe mousehole++ridge to the district field.