| Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the five fruits in the world, known as "the king of tropical fruit" reputation. As long history of planting mango in china, mango industry in China was relatively backward, poor quality, yield instability problems caused low commodity of mango, which has seriously restricted mango trade competitiveness at home and abroad. The quality of leaf growth and development not only directly determines the yield and quality of fruit that year, but also directly affect the flower bud differentiation and flowering the following year; fruits are ultimately harvested organs of mango cultivation, people are most concerned about its yield, quality, but seldom concerned the research about deficit irrigation on growth of mango leaves and fruit yield and quality. Therefore, deeply study of effects of deficit irrigation on the growth of mango leaves, yield and quality of fruit, on this basis to improve reasonable deficit irrigation the quality of real GuiFei mango technical measures, to promote the health of Chinese mango industry, fast development has important practical significance. The major results were as follows:1、In the stages of development and growth of fruit, relative water content of leaf does not increase when soil moisture increases. Early fruit growth and development, the magnitude of relative water content of leaf of each treatment is greater than the magnitude of the late fruit growth and development. Late fruit growth, A (100%of field capacity), E (55-60%of field capacity) treatments relative water content of leaves the magnitude of variation bigger than other treatments, but C (75-80%of field capacity), D (65-70%of field capacity) treatments relative water content of leaf trend is relatively flat.2、Each treatment growth of leaf length, width variation of basically consistent, at first increased gradually, then leveled off, but lack of water will reduce the growth rate of length and width. For mature leaves, compared with the control, A, C, E treatments rate of leaf length growth was respectively29.46%,31.31%,19.77%, other treatments decreased; A, C, E treatments rate of leaves width growth was respectively35.80%,35.80%,21.81%, but leaves width of B (85-90%of field capacity), D treatments is less than leaves width of the control. Mature leaves of B, D treatments leaf index was larger than other treatments.3、 Before April7, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b content of D treatment gradually increased, then the change has stabilized, while other treatments had big variations. After April7, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b content of A, C treatments and CK are higher than other treatments.4、With the growth of leaves, leaf thickness, palisade tissue, spongy tissue thickness gradually thickened. leaf thickness of control leaves, palisade tissue thickness is greater than the other treatments at new leaves phase and young leaves phase. Leaf thickness, palisade tissue, spongy tissue thickness of control treatment is less than other treatments at mature phase.leaf thickness of C treatment was significantly higher than A, D, E treatments and was significantly higher than CK; Palisade tissue thickness of B, D, E treatments was significantly higher than C treatment and was significantly higher than the A treatment and CK; Spongy tissue thickness of CK treatment was significantly lower than D, E treatments and was significantly lower than A treatment; Spongy tissue thickness of A treatment, significantly higher than B, C treatments. 5、With the growth of leaves, leaf epidermal and up the cuticle thickness of A treatment were gradually reduced, but gradually increased at D treatment. D treatment is the thickest leaves mature leaves, C treatment thinnest. At mature phase the thickest leaf under epidermis under the cuticle was A treatment and the thinnest of C treatment. CTR gradually decreased, while the SR gradually increased at A treatment leaf, while CTR first decreased,late increased and SR contrary at the other treatments.6、Fruit length, diameter, shape index change trend are basically the same for each treatment, Fruit length, diameter increases first and then the fruit has stabilized, but the first increase in fruit shape index then lower final stabilized. When picking fruit, compared with control, fruit diameter of D treatment was the biggest growth, increase by15.2%, while the smallest was C treatment, which increased by6.8%, but no significant difference between other treatments. When picking fruit, compared with CK, the largest fruit length of D treatment was18.7%, while the smallest was5.4%of A treatment, there were significantly different between D and CK.7、Changes in mango fruit weight of each treatment showed a single "S" change trend, but there was no significant difference in fruit weight between treatments when each fruit picking. Deficit irrigation and full irrigation mango average yield were higher than CK, A, B, D and CK significantly different, there was no significant difference betweent deficit irrigation and full irrigation. The average weight of control treatment was significantly higher than A, B, C, E treatments, extremely significantly higher than D treatment. Water use efficiency of D, E treatments was significantly higher than A-C treatments.8、During fruit growth and development of fruit, total soluble solids, soluble sugar, starch content gradually increased, early increase more slowly than the late early. Compared with CK, prophase the other treatments in favor of the formation of soluble solids, while picking fruit the soluble solids of content less than CK, but A treatment soluble sugar content is higher than CK, and A treatment soluble sugar content significantly higher than E treatment, control starch content is largest. Fruit ripening stage, soluble solids was inverted "V"-type changes, A treatment has been lower than other treatments soluble solids content, and soluble sugar increased, starch decreased. When fruit full maturity, A treatment soluble solids content was significantly lower than C treatment, B treatment soluble sugar content was significantly higher than E treatment, A treatment starch content was highest.9、With the growth and development of the fruit, the fruit of each treatment titratable acidity were first increased and then decreased, reached the peak at April14. Fruit growth process, titratable acid content a large gap between each treatment, but the gap narrowed at picking fruit phase, in addition to C treatment, titratable acid content of other treatment were higher than CK. Fruit ripening stage titratable acid content decreased. Compared with the CK, when fruit full maturity, A-E treatment titratable acidity growth rate were respectively:11.89%,11.80%,27.39%,14.91%,32.38%. After the growth process of fruit, the Vc content first increased and then decreased, a peak time of each treatment varies. Vc content of each treatment at harvest was higher than CK. Fruit ripening stage, Vc content gradually decreased, when full maturity, Vc content of each treatment was higher than CK, C treatment was the maximum.10、Soluble proteins are basically the same change trend, the magnitude of variation in the latter part of the early. When harvesting, the highest content of soluble protein of D treatment, and was the lowest of B treatment. With the fruit full maturity, the control treatment soluble protein gradually increase, A, C, D, E treatments soluble protein firstly increased then leveling off. When fruit full maturity, B treatment soluble proteins was higher than CK, but other treatment was less than CK. A-D treatments fruits rate of water loss were more than control, E treatment was lower than CK, A treatment and CK fruit rate of water loss were very significant difference. A treatment edible fruit was lower than CK, other treatment is higher than CK, but the difference was not significant.In conclusion, the D treatment not only help to improve the growth and the development of leaves, but also help to promote the growth and internal quality improvement of fruit, therefore, the D treatment was considered as the best treatment. |
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