Study On The Requirements Of Biotin, Niacin, Folic Acid And Choline For Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp,Litopenaeus Vannamei

In the present study, feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the requirements of biotin, niacin, folic acid andcholine for juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and evaluated the effect on growth performance,feed efficiency, and non-specific immune response for juvenile Pacific white shrimp.The results can be brieflysummarized as follows:1. An8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary biotin supplementation on growthperformance, feed efficiency, whole body composition, serum biochemical indexes,antioxidant competence ofjuvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic practical diets (40%crudeprotein and8%crude lipid) were formulated with graded dietary biotin levels of0.068,0.41,0.91,1.96,4.62and9.38mg/kg of dry diet, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of40juvenile shrimp(average weight1.03±0.00g). The results showed that weight gain(WG),specific growth rate(SGR),feedefficiency(FE) and protein efficiency ratio(PER) of the shrimp were significantly influenced by the dietary biotinlevels(P <0.05).. Survival rate, the proximate composition of whole body, protein productive value (PPV) werenot significantly affected by dietary biotin levels(P>0.05). Shrimp fed with biotin supplementation of diet hadsignificant influence on total anti-oxidative capacity (T-AOC) and activity of catalase (CAT)(P<0.05). Nosignificant difference were observed in activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and content ofmalondialdehyde(MDA)(P>0.05). Hepatic biotin concentration significantly increased with the supplementationof dietary biotin (P<0.05), and no tissue saturation was observed. While, shrimp fed with4.62mg/kg dietobtained maximal activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase. Result of this study indicated that the optimal dietary biotinrequirements estimated using a two-slope broken-line model based on feed efficiency are0.72mg/kg diet.2. An8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary niacin supplementation on growthperformance, feed efficiency, whole body composition, serum biochemical indexes,antioxidant competence ofjuvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic practical diets(40%crudeprotein and8%crude lipid) were formulated with graded dietary niacin levels of10.93,65.78,121.15,203.42,387.52and769.28mg/kg of dry diet, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of40juvenile shrimp (average weight0.80±0.00g). The results showed that weight gain (WG),specific growth rate(SGR),feed efficiency(FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein productive value of the shrimp weresignificantly increased by the dietary choline levels(P<0.05). Survival rate and the proximate composition ofwhole body were not significantly affected by dietary niacin levels(P<0.05). The total protein, glucose,triacylglycerol and total cholesterol contents in hemolymph were not significantly affected by the dietary niacinlevels. Dietary niacin had significantly influenced catalase(CAT) and lysozyme(LZM) activities inhemolymph,while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hemolymph was not significantly affected bydietary niacin levels(P>0.05).Results of this study indicated that the optimal dietary niacin requirementsestimated using a two-slope broken-line model based on specific growth rate is109.55mg/kg.3. An8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary folic acid supplementation on growthperformance, feed efficiency, whole body composition, serum biochemical indexes,antioxidant competence of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic practical diets(40%crudeprotein and8%crude lipid) were formulated with graded dietary folic acid levels of1.23,2.53,3.37,5.15,9.43and16.74mg/kg of dry diet, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of30juvenileshrimp (average weight0.33±0.00g). The results showed that weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR),feedefficiency(FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein productive value(PPV)of the shrimp were notsignificantly influenced by the dietary folic acid levels(P>0.05),but the minimum occurred at the un-supplementgroup. Survival rate and the proximate composition of whole body were not significantly affected by dietaryfolic acid levels(P>0.05). The total protein, glucose, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol contents in hemolymphwere not significantly affected by the dietary folic acid levels. Shrimp fed with folic acid supplementation of diethad not significant influence on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), content of malondialdehyde(MDA),activity of catalase (CAT) and total anti-oxidative capacity (T-AOC)(P>0.05) in the hemolymph. L. vannameifed with pratical diets may not need additional folic acid supplied.4. An8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary choline supplementation ongrowth performance, feed efficiency, whole body composition, serum biochemical indexes,antioxidantcompetence of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic practicaldiets (40%crude protein and8%crude lipid) were formulated with graded dietary choline levels of1317,1721,2336,3294,5421and9495mg/kg of dry diet, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groupsof30juvenile shrimp (average weight0.30±0.00g). The results showed that weight gain (WG),specific growthrate (SGR),feed efficiency(FE),protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein productive value of the shrimp weresignificantly increased by the dietary choline levels(P<0.05). Survival rate and the proximate composition ofwhole body were not significantly affected by dietary choline levels (P>0.05). The total protein, glucose,triacylglycerol, total cholesterol contents, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the low-density lipoproteincholesterol in hemolymph were not significantly affected by the dietary choline levels (P>0.05). Shrimp fed withcholine supplementation of diet had not significant influence on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),activity of catalase (CAT) and total anti-oxidative capacity (T-AOC)(P>0.05) in the hepatopancreas andhemolymph,while content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph.were significantlydecreased by dietary choline levels (P<0.05). Results of this study indicated that the optimal dietary cholinerequirements estimated using a two-slope broken-line model based on weight gain is3254.1mg/kg.