Study On Variety Improvement, Genetic Diversity And Highly Effective Cultivation Techniques Of Dendrocalamopsis Oldhami

Dendrocalamopsis oldhami is one of excellent clumpy bamboo species for culm and shoot production in South China. mainly distridted in Zhejiang, Fujian and Taiwan province, with a total area of thirty thousand hectares. In Zhejiang province, D. oldhami mainly distributes in three counties of Ruian, Pingyang and Cangnan of Wenzhou. The shoots of D. oldhami, of which the shape looks like horse’s hoof, have the characteristics of delicious taste and better nutrition quality. Therefore, the shoots of D. oldhami is praised as Health Food and Natural Green Food. And is one of the forest products with a high economic and ecological benefit in the south of Zhejiang.Resource investigation, breeding cultivar, adaptability observation, rapid propagation of seedling, highly effective cultivation technology and genetic diversity of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami f. revolute, a new variety of D. oldhami finded in Wenzhou, were studied in this paper. The following conclusion were educed after years of research:(1)In Wenzhou, D. oldhami f. revolute is scarce, and its introduction area is of altitude below 300 meter and of air temperature above-5 celsius, its optimum planting soil is sandy loam. The leaves of D. oldhami f. revolute were growing early than D. oldhami, height growth of culm have biggish difference in different period of time, and growing faster within 2-3 days after irrigating or fall of rain. The shooting period and the shoot yield of D. oldhami f. revolute were excelled than D. oldhami, the shoot yield of 3 years bamboo forest was 5178 to 5853 kg per hectare. D. oldhami f. revolute have yellow stripe in green culm, and its shoots tastes crisp and delicious, so it is excellent clump bamboo species for edible and ornamental.(2) In order to prove relationship among 7 provenances of D. oldhami, the genetic diversity among different provenances analysed by ISSR molecular marker.The results show that from 30 ISSR primers screened 20 effective primers, amplified a total of 273 sites, and 176 sites showed polymorphism, accountted for 64.5% of the total. Cluster analysis showed 7 provenances of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami were divided into 3 groups, genetic distance of different provenances was 0.015-0.465. Genetic relationship of cultivated species of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami was closer, countries of origin of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami(Munro)Keng f. from, striata Y.Y.Wang et W.Y.Zhang and Dendrocalamopsis oldhami(Munro)Keng f. f. revolute (W.T.Lin et J.Y.Lin) W.T.Lin were Ruian and Cangnan.(3)A series of seedling culture techniques of D. oldhami f. revolute were concluded, through studying in different seedling cultivation measures of burying culm, burying node and cutting. As to burying culm with root, the seedling rate of burying 2-years-old culm with kerf was maximal at 50%, average at 1.58 plant per node; As to burying node, the seedling rate of burying 2-years-old three-nodes of middle culm with 3 cm DBH was maximal at 41.7%; As to cutting, survival rate of 2-years-old branches growing on 2-years-old culm with dipping 1 hour in 50 ppm ABT-1 rooting powder was maximal at 50.1%.(4)Technical system of high yield and high value of D. oldhami f. revolute were concluded, throug studying in cultivation techniques, such as reserved maternal plant, hilling up the rootage, sunning root-ball, destroying bamboo shoot in inchoate period and fertilization. As to the technique of reserved maternal plant and hilling up the rootage, the treatment of reserving maternal plant in August and hilling 10cm-height soil on the rootage was optimal, the basal diameter and individual weight of bamboo shoots with foregoing treatment were 7.3 cm and 0.344 kg respectively. Before and after the vernal equinox, for enough time (20 days) of sunning root-ball and covering forest land in bamboo shoots germinating period (February), the initial shooting time advanced and the shooting period prolonged. The yields of bamboo shoots with sunning root-ball ahead of time were improved, but the yields of bamboo shoots with covering forest land were reduced. The initial shooting time was deferred with the treatments of suspending the topdressing time and destroying bamboo shoots in inchoate period. The initial shooting time was deferred 36 days under the treatment of sunning root-ball at March 25, fertilizing basal fertilizer at April 10 and topdressing at July 10, contrasting with the treatment of no sunning root-ball and no fertilizing. Under the treatment of sunning root-ball at March 25, fertilizing basal fertilizer at April 10, destroying bamboo shoot at June and topdressing at July 10, the quantity and yield of shoots per clump were 14.4 and 7.84 kg respectively in September and October, accounting for 90.0% and 85.8% in total quantity and yield of bamboo shoots respectively, and the shooting period prolonged 30 to 45 days.Considering the yield and shooting time, the treatment of sunning root-ball at March 25, fertilizing basal fertilizer at April 10, destroying bamboo shoots at June and topdressing at July 10 was optimal.(5) Compared with no fertilizing, the quantity of shoot of D. oldhami increased 25.2% to 68.0% with different fertilizing treatment, and the yield of shoot increased 30.5% to 70.4%. Fertilizing 4.8 kg compound-specific organic and inorganic fertilizer per clump in Spring, 0.4 kg CO(NH2)2+0.59 kg Ca(H2PO4)2+0.44 kg K2SO4 in Summer, the effect was the best among different fertilizing treatment, the number and yield of shoot increased 27.3% and 26.5% compared with general compound fertilizer. The content of protein, N, P, K, amino acids of shoot were improved significantly with fertilizing treatment, so the quality of shoot reffectively improved.