The Study On The Immigration Of Private Science Institutions During The Second Sino-Japanese War

In the early 20 th century, China started to develop modern science and technology. The first Chinese modern scientist groups and scientific societies originated in overseas student groups. All kinds of professionals and comprehensive scientific societies developed rapidly with extensive influence, and the voice of developing scientific research and establishing scientific research institutions was higher and higher. The private scientific research institutions were established in succession during this period, including Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Golden Sea Chemical and Industrial Research Institute and West China Academy of Science. These private research institutions overcame various kinds of difficulties in its early phase and established their own independent scientific research system gradually. Their research achievement was transformed into powerful productivity directly to promote social production.With the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, the Japanese army destroyed Chinese scientific research institutions for achieving its ambition of subjugating China, which was an unprecedented and devastating catastrophe for the undeveloped scientific career of China. The private research institutions were obliged to immigrate with the spirit of patriotism to avoid the occupation of scientific equipment, save the scientific research capabilities and support the Anti-Japanese War. They overcame incredible difficulties and immigrated to the southwestern regions where the science and technology was most backward. Not only to bring advanced research rear machine, more to the existing research and technical personnel to the west, direct services to local economic development and construction, defense services and actively support the war.