Explorations On Design Of Bird Attraction Path In City Parks

Birds are an important part of the ecosystem which owe both ecological and aesthetic value. However, city space which is suitable for bird habitat is shrinking with the deteriorating urban environment. The number of city bird species has a decreasing trend as well. In order to protect the city bird resources, a suitable habitat for birds need to be created urgently to maintain the diversity of bird species. City Park is an important bird habitat in the city, which has a significance meaning for regional bird conversation with bird attraction design concept. In considering different distribution of birds in different regions, central downtown of Chongqing is restricted as research scope in this paper, applied field survey method and combined it with current research findings to explore theories and methods for design of bird attraction path in city parks. Then, design of bird attraction path in Jinhaiwan Park in New North Zone of Chongqing is taken as example to discuss feasibility of the theory.First of all, by clearing up results of 30 field surveys of sample parks with path method, features of bird resources in city parks at central downtown of Chongqing is summarized. Next, this paper explored value of birds in city parks, or the meaning of attracting birds into city parks. By combining survey result of bird resources with definition of attraction object, three types of birds which are suitable to be attracted into parks is made clearly, including swimming birds, wading birds and singing birds. Then, this paper analyzed their ecological habits and needs of habitat environment. Field survey found there is close connection between birds and city park habitat characteristics factor. So, it analyzed influence of four habitat characteristic factors to birds’ distribution, behaviors and selection of habitats, including park area, plants, water and artificial influence factor; and took field survey on birds and plant factor, birds and water factors with quadrat method as supplementary basis.Secondly, by integrating and analyzing above results, the strategies of path design for attracting birds into city parks is stated in this paper. Before stating specific strategies, it firstly made clear target birds of city parks and proposed principles of designing bird attraction path of city parks at macro level to control design strategies at meso level. Then, it stated related design strategies in the following three aspects: shaping suitable habitat of birds, offering guarantee of facilities and taking bird protection and management measures. Shaping suitable habitat of birds is taken as the important point, as it aims to provide habitat environment, food resources, plant welfare, water need and nest-creating conditions for birds of city parks. In general, it will be ideal strategies of designing bird attraction path like planning diversified rural plants and fruit-bearing plants in winter, focusing on shaping various types of plant landscape and scenic water, enhancing connection of water system and improving artificial facilities for bird attraction etc. Artificial influence factor is not the main factor which make a difference to city bird activity, Fully acquainted with law of bird activity, design bird-watching infrastructures and lighting facilities which interfering with bird activity little that can reduce the impact of artificial influence on birds activity to some extent, and make human beings and city bird get along with each other in city park.Finally, in order to test reasonability and scientificality of the theory, this paper took Jinhaiwan Park in New North Zone of Chongqing as example to apply strategies of designing bird attraction path of city parks into design of bird attraction path in Jinhaiwan Park.By designing bird attraction path in city parks to create the conditions to attract birds, which is including food, nest sites, water and so on, can both protect the bird resources and enhance the quality of the landscape. It can also improve the park environment. In specific design of project, bird resources, climate and human disturbance factors are considered to use research results to a wider area.