| The green space plays an important role in the ecological system, which plays an important role in improving the ecological conditions, maintaining the balance of carbon and oxygen, maintaining the biodiversity and reducing the natural disasters. Because of the particularity of the landform and the vulnerability of the ecological environment and so on, the role of green land in the mountainous cities of the plateau is not to be ignored. How to induce the urban green space pattern to the benign development is an important issue to be solved urgently.Based on the scope of the administrative division of Kunming City, this paper studies the green space in the administrative area of Kunming City, which can be divided into four basic parts:The first part (including the introduction, the first chapter,the second chapter and the third chapter), first of all on the plateau mountainous urban green space research background, research contents, research methods, research significance and domestic and foreign related research were introduced in this paper. Then carried on the summary to Kunming, the case where the general situation of the city, Kunming City as the case study site selection of rationality; finally, to the remote sensing image of the five-year period of 1995-2015 TM for map, using Envi, ArcGIS software, to classify the landscape patches in Kunming City, five interpretation of remote sensing image landscape image classification, as the research base maps.The second part (the fourth chapter and the fifth chapter), first of all, to first decompose the translation of remote sensing image classification the original image based in Kunming urban green space distribution characteristics were studied, including Kunming city overall green landscape pattern, green space in each administrative district distribution characteristics, the greenbelt in elevation, slope, slope to distribution characteristics; and then use the index changes of landscape pattern in the overall analysis, green area dynamic change analysis of regional overall and for each administrative district green evolution characteristics and rules of inquiry;The third part (Chapter 6) part of the above of Kunming urban green space distribution and evolution data based, are used in the calculation of each period Kunming city green land ecological service value, green effect on ecosystem service function and single ecosystem service value change of evolution analysis;The fourth part (the seventh chapter), based on the previous research conclusions, finds out the problems of the distribution and evolution of green land in Kunming City, and puts forward the strategy of protection and optimization of green space in Kunming city. Draw the following conclusion:(1) Green (including woodland, grassland, farmland) constitute the main matrix of landscape pattern in Kunming city. The woodland is the main elements of the green space of city area, mainly distributed to Liangwang mountain, Gongwang mountains and other mountains; grassland and woodland mosaic distribution, as a supplement to the woodland; farmland mainly distributed in the construction of the exterior, to surround the building exists with the form to connection;(2) In Kunming city each administrative district green space landscape pattern and distribution is different, is a regularity that urbanization with higher levels of green areas in a smaller share, plaque by the degree of artificial interference was greater and the landscape fragmentation degree is high, connection degree is low, green patch shape is relatively simple.(3) Kunming city green space distribution by mountain plateau environment impact is more significant, that is the green space in the elevation and slope distribution showed the obvious law; woodland, grassland, farmland area along the elevation changes with elevation was first increased and then decreased trend; woodland in 2100-2400m distribution most, grasslands, farmlands are in the 1900-2100m distribution most, woodland, grassland, farmland patches number are in 1900-2100m reached maximum value. Below 1300m and higher than 3000m elevation segment, the grass is the most dominant landscape types; in elevation 1600-3000m in high altitude range, forest land was the most dominant landscape types; and in the range of 1300-1600m elevation, the construction land is the most dominant landscape types.Both woodland and grassland showed that the patch area increased with the increase of slope, and then decreased with the increase of the slope. Both of them had the largest slope distribution in 15%-25%, and the farmland showed a gentle downward trend with the increase of the slope.(4) From the point of view of green patch scale, large patches for the main part of Kunming urban green space to control, as the most important ecological barrier in Kunming urban forest, but large patches are scarce; and large plaque, large and medium-sized plaque, medium patches, small patches as a giant plaque added to coordination and supporting role. Among them, large patches, large and medium-sized patches, although the larger area, but the number is relatively scarce. Therefore, in Kunming City, the various types of green space, large patches, large and medium-sized patches for the most weak links, the most vulnerable to external interference and erosion.(5) The overall Kunming 1995-2015 landscape pattern evolution of the basic features of the landscape aggregation degree, connectivity decreased, the degree of landscape fragmentation increased, plaque tends to separation, the landscape diversity increased; decreased area related index and the number of classes related to an increase in the number of green, the overall landscape patch area decreased, green an increase in the number of landscape patches; from the composition of green space, forest area increased, while grassland, farmland area decreased, the farmland landscape pattern change is particularly evident; from the green changes of each administrative area, woodland, grassland area change in the area is not obvious, while the farmland area in the administrative region had decreased, among them, Wuhua District, city level of Panlong District, Guandu District, Xishan District, Chenggong District farmland Area change is particularly intense.(6) In Kunming City area Greenbelt Types composition, forest ecological service value maximum, grassland times, farmland minimum; in 1995-2015, green space of Kunming City area, the total value of ecosystem services was decreased and single ecosystem service value, gas regulation value, climate regulation value, water conservation, waste disposal value decreased, indicating that 20 years in Kunming District green space landscape pattern change are unreasonable. |
