Research And Realization Of Technology With The Positive And Negative Pulse Formation Of Lead-acid Batteries

Lead-acid battery is still one of the most widely used battery nowadays. Formation is an important step in the manufacture process of lead-acid battery. The purpose of the technological process of formation is to convert the cured pastes into electrochemically active porous materials, and it directly affects the performance of lead-acid batteries.However, due to the complexity of the formation process and the closure of the lead-acid battery manufacturers on their technologies, the current formation study is relatively scarce. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the formation related theory, algorithm and equipment, to improve the quality, efficiency and electric energy utilization ratio of the formation.The purpose of this study is to find the formation algorithm and equipment that can not only improve the formation and energy efficiency, but also do not reduce the formation quality. The main research contents are as follows:(1) Analyzing the theories of the lead-acid battery formation. From the chemical and physical perspective, this paper introduces the processes during the lead-acid battery formation and their two stages, and analyzes the differences of chemical reaction and physical structure between two stages. From the electrochemical point of view, discussing the difference between plate formation and battery charging, introducing some process parameters such as temperature, voltage and concentration of sulfuric acid, and summarizing the main limited factors for the formation: temperature and gas evolution.(2) Proposing a multistage constant current- positive and negative pulse formation algorithm. Expounding the main indexes and parameters of formation. Enumerating and analyzing the existing formation algorithms. According to the two stages of formation theory and the main limited factors, studying and revising the Mas curve, furthermore, deriving the relationship among the gas current, the gas evolution rate and water consumption rate. Then this paper studies the two stages of the formation algorithm: the multistage constant current formation is used in the first stage, and the positive and negative pulse formation is used in the second stage.(3) Designing and manufacturing a positive and negative pulse formation device, and verifying the multistage constant current- positive and negative pulse formation algorithm. The device adopts a centralized-distributed structure and energy saving bus, which comprises three parts: the centralized control part in the back of the device, the formation process control part in the front of the device and the computer software. Through the formation of a kind of 6Ah lead-acid battery, it is proved that the multistage constant current- positive and negative pulse formation algorithm is effective. The process of the formation time is only 30.5h, and the power consumption is only 3.84 C.The main results of this study are as follows: Firstly, proposing the Mas formation curve. The cause of gas evolution is found in theory and its quantitative analysis is done. Secondly, under the guidance of the Mas formation curve, a multistage constant current- positive and negative pulse formation algorithm is designed. Finally, in order to realize the algorithm, a positive and negative pulse formation device is designed and manufactured. It has a centralized-distributed structure and a energy saving bus which is used to recover the discharging power.