| Particles interaction with the matters is the physical basis of the particle physical experiments. Particles detectors are the tool, which use the information produced by particles interaction with matters to determine the kind, the energy, the momentum, the quality of the particle.Firstly, this paper introduces the interaction of particles with the matters, including the charged particle interactions with matters, the photon interactions with matters, the hadron interactions with matters, electromagnetic shower and hadron shower. Meanwhile, this paper introduces several types of detectors, with an emphasis on the scintillator detector.Secondly, this paper introduces the data acquisition system which used to measure the charge and time information of the signal generated by the detector which consists of plastic scintillation, wave length shift fibers and photomultiplier tube(PMT). The system has good stability; its amplitude of noise signal is lower than 0.75 mV and time resolution is less than 0.5 ns; the system can measure the signal whose charge between 0 to 90 pC.Next, the paper introduces the test result of the PMTs that all the PMT’s gain can achieve 106 when they working at 1300V,the value of β between 7 to 8. Their maximum anode current more than 35mA,when they work at 4×105. The count rate of dark noise decrease with the decrease of the gain, and decrease with the increase of the threshold.Finally, we test the performance of the plastic scintillator detector unit, including the single channel count rate, single particle spectrum, time resolutions and the detection efficiency. These results show that the performance of the detector which consists of big light yield scintillator and high light gathering capacity of optical fiber probe is better than others, when they are in the same conditions. |
