The Study On The Landscape Sequence Of Qingcheng Mountain Taoist Temple Garden

Under the infiltration of Taoism and Taoist ideas, Taoist temple garden developed a unique landscape form. As the birthplace of Taoism, Qingcheng Mountain is world-famous with the most quiet and secluded garden under the heaven since ancient times, It’s a rare example of garden creating, It has a very high artistic level in the layout, spatial organization, sight organization, Artistic Conception-making and other aspects of garden creating, and the landscape sequence is the key to co-ordinate these. Comprehensive analysis of the Qingcheng Mountain Taoist temple garden landscape sequence has an important reference and guidance on modern landscape design and landscape planning.Qingcheng Mountain Taoist temple garden is an art treasure that derived from thousands of years of Chinese religion cultural and historical development. It’s unique historical and cultural background profound impact on landscape sequences organization. Through field investigation and comprehensive analysis of the literature, to clarify the historical development of Qingcheng Mountain Taoist temple garden:it had originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty, developed in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, flourished in the Tang, Song Dynasties, declined in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, restored in the Qing Dynasty, the existing Taoist temples all founded after the Qing Dynasty (include Qing Dynasty). In this long development process, it deeply impacted by the " Imitation of Nature ", "Back to Basics", " Void Quietness", "Softness" thought, Taoist "Sanqing Deity" that is the main idea of thought of immortals, and the landscape spirit of Bashu peripateticism.Based on the above, I researched the natural and cultural landscape resources of the front of Qingcheng Mountain, mapped its spatial size of main Taoist temples, recorded its sight organization situation. Then I discussed the Qingcheng Mountain Taoist temple garden from the natural landscape sequence, cultural landscape sequence, artistic conception landscape sequence. After analysis the space and time sequence of the natural landscape, the circular tandem sequence of the cultural landscape, the landscape sequence of the main Taoist temples, and the artistic conception landscape sequence of the pilgrimage to the heaven, The main conclusions have been drawn as follows:(1) The natural landscape sequence forms a "wide-closed contrast" spatial sequence and a "seasonal changes" time sequence. Spatial sequence is the enclosure space of D/H<1 as primary, wide space as the transformational point. Closed and narrow hill road space forms its experience keynote:quiet, deep. The wide spaces more than 110m of sight intersperse among the enclosure space, forming excitements. Based on time the sequence, "spring-summer-autumn-winter" seasonal changes, the weather changes interweaved. Qingcheng Mountain shows a rich time landscape by the viridity spring, green summer, colorful autumn, white winter, along with misty clouds, vast rain and snow, bright sunshine, gorgeous rainbow.(2) The human landscape sequence forms a circular tandem landscape sequence by Jianfu Palace, Tianshi Cave, Zushi Palace, Shangqing Palace, Laojun Pavilion as main feature. Throughout the human landscape sequence, more than twenty pavilions and galleries are the front view of the sequence; five building groups are the excitement of the sequence; the rest are important human landscapes which are the joints feature and conversion feature. They are skillfully linked by the tour route, forming a "varying sceneries with changing view-points" circular touring route.(3) The artistic conception landscape sequence forms a Pilgrimage To The Heaven landscape sequence with the order of religious man realm, earth realm to heaven realm. From Jianfu Palace to Nature’s Painting, Qingcheng Mountain creates a practice Taoism of human realm by space contraction and worshiping the earthly immortal. From Quanzhen Temple to Zhaoyan Cave, the deep forest and religious Taoist temple express a strong Taoist atmosphere. Creating a sense away from the earth, forming a practice Taoism of earth realm; Zhuangguan Pavilion to Laojun Pavilion, it creates Wonderland through the mountains, clouds, changing weather, wide visual field of mountain peak and so on.(4) The whole landscape sequence forms a circular tandem landscape sequence by Tianshi Cave, Zhuangguan Pavilion, Shangqing Palace as little culmination, Laojun Pavilion as great culmination. Tianshi Cave, Zhuangguan Pavilion, Shangqing Palace are overlap excitements of above sequences, forming the little culmination of the whole landscape sequence, as the commanding heights of the mountain, Laojun Pavilion forms the great culmination of the sequence. Furthermore, not only the main Taoist temples have their own landscape sequences, among feature spots, there is also have process sequence to form superimposed felling with constant conversion.(5) Qingcheng Mountain Taoist temple garden has unique organizational characteristics of space, sight and touring route. For spatial organization, Qingcheng Mountain mainly uses small-scale space, forms excitements by creating wide space in suitable places, creats a rich viewing experience by using spatial contrast technique, such as size comparison, wide and closed contrast, light and dark alternating. For sight organization, it forms the sight conversion by making the entrance area to the main feature nearly 90° corner, or using screen wall to block the line of sight. It tactfully use perspective sight in the feature spots which are too deep and make a sense of shock at the rich facade treatment effect of the vertical elevation. For touring route organization, Qingcheng Mountain uses "crossing" touring route to guide the tourist, this unique organization can skillfully guide tourists to enter feature spots, and with the touring route works, naturally organizes the landscape sequence.