Research On The Characteristics Of The Flow Distribution And Heat Dissipation Of The U-type Arrangement Cold Plate

U-type parallel channel cold plate is of some advantages such as simplicity and less pressure drop, but when it is applied to electronic equipment as cooling system, the phenomenon of non-uniform flow distribution in the parallel channel will becomes rather badly, which leads to the heat transfer performance of the cold plate drop significantly. So researching how to design the U-type cold plate’ channel structure to obtain more uniformly flow distribution, it will not only does good to improve the heat transfer performance of the cold plate, but also has important significance to maintain the reliability and stability of the electronic equipment’ operation.The structure factors that affect the flow distribution mainly includes:(1)inlet and outlet mainstream shape(2)the length of the parallel channel(3)the number of parallel channel N,also means the width of the parallel channel(4) the space of the parallel channel(5)the depth of the flow channel. Any factor changes is likely to alter the flow distribution, even change the heat transfer performance of the cold substantially. In order to improve the uniformity of flow distribution to enhance the cold plate’s cooling ability, this article will study how the characteristics of flow distribution and heat dissipation change with the structure parameter of parallel channel altered, focus on the flow distribution and the heat dissipation characteristics by theoretical method and ANSYS CFD numerical simulation, and optimized the U-type cold plate’ channel structure with multiple structure parameter variables. The main contents are as follow:1. Established the flow control equations of flow distribution, and studied the flow distribution and heat dissipation characteristic of the U-type cold plate by simulation analysis preliminary. It is concluded that the flow uniformity coefficient is 17.998, the highest temperature of the U-type cold plate is 371.31 K, the phenomenon of flow and temperature distribution are serious uneven.2. Under the condition of uniform heat flux and inlet flow rate are constant, based on single factor variable analysis principle, the mainstream shape HSP, the length of parallel channel Lc, the number of parallel channel N, the distance between parallel channel Wr, and the depth of flow channel Hc were analyzed as variable to study how the uniformity of flow distribution and the cooling characteristics of changed by ANSYS CFD software. Concluded within a certain range:(1) Increase the number N can significantly increase the flow distribution uniformity, but the Hc has no influence on the flow distribution, while the shape HSP, the length Lc,the width Wr have less effect on the flow distribution(2) When the number N increased, or length Lc increase, or the Wr, or the Hc is reduced, or using the small entrance with trapezoidal cross-section shape SITH, all can significantly improve the ability of heat dissipation of the cold plate.3. Under the premise of the analysis results of single factor variable analysis principle, using the orthogonal experiment design method to optimize the cold plate with multiple discrete structural parameters. The results show that the flow uniformity coefficient is 3.7455 and the highest temperature is 323.71 K after optimization. Compared with the initial analysis, the flow uniformity coefficient felled by 14.2525, the highest temperature felled by 47.6K, the flow distribution is more uniform, and the cooling ability is much stronger after optimization, Which shows that the orthogonal experiment method has a good advantage in dealing with multiple discrete variables optimization problems.