Investigation Of Beijing Metro Station Design Based On Pedestrian Flow Density

ABSTRACT:Aiming on the Beijing Metro’s time-consuming issues, this article analyzes that the people-jam on key point and the long detour, avoiding the blocking, are the time-consuming issues’ essential causes. Consuming problems caused by congestion, and reducing the flow density is the key point for solution. This paper, by investigating instances of Beijing metro stations and crowd density characteristics of different sites, classifies the stations according to the characteristics of their flow density changes and further puts forward the design optimizations, aiming on the high crowd density problems, belong to the characteristics of the corresponding category. To provide design ideas of targeted station for the future metro station architectural design in Beijing or the other large cities with the goal of avoiding or mitigating the stations’ crowd congestion.In this paper, the Beijing metro stations are divided into three categories, in accordance with the flow characteristics, namely, the Interchange-Terminal-Type(ITT), the Momentary-Flow-Type(MFT), the Continuous-Flow-Type(CFT).The ITT site, which is characterized by the larger ratio of interchange crowd, complex people composition, more transfer flow directions, whose typical cases are Xizhimen Station, Dongzhimen Station; The MFT site, which is located nearby the large residential or industrial park usually, which is characterized by the flow characteristics of commuter showed significant peak, one-way people flow, knowing the way well and so on, whose typical cases are Huilongguan Station, Xi’erqi Station; The CFT site, which is located nearby the large commercial or Special attractions usually, which features an all-day continuous flow of high density flow characteristics, whose typical cases are Huilongguan Station, Xi’erqi Station.According on the people flow characteristics of the three typical sites, this paper, by conducting a series of researches and analysis, concludes as follows:Firstly,"single-point connection" interchange mode is the crux of transfer jamming in Xizhimen Station, and proposes "multi-point connection" as an optimized idea to the ITT sites on high-density flow issues; Secondly,"node failure" is the crux of no-fluently passing-in and passing-out problem in Huilongguan Station. This paper puts forward a reconstruction design of entrance hall and order of automatic fare gates for this station and proposes the "node efficient" optimized idea for the MFT sites, aiming on the momentary "tide"-flow there; Thirdly, independent station with connection by channels causes shopping people’s congestion of Xidan Station primarily, and "Target indirect" is the crux. The "Open and Integration" idea leads the station hall becomes to a "no wall space", which would be more direct to the commercial buildings, and proposes the "direct target" optimized idea as the Solution for CFT sites.Overall, the paper puts forward three new ideas,"Multi-point Connection","Node Efficient" and "Direct Target" creatively, on the basis of investigating, surveying and analyzing of specific problems on the corresponding stations. Giving to solve the time-consumption problems, which represent the trip quality, contributing to the metro design study for Beijing and other large cities.