Spatial Analysis And Landscape Optimization Of Group Fitness Activities In Cities

In recent years, with the stepping up of China’s urbanization, city’s population is increasing rapidly. The rapid development of the city places increasing pressure on people’s life and work, and a considerable number of people are in the state of sub-health. In such an increasing aging society, lack of personalized physical exercise and the factor of herd mentality have led more and more urban residents to take part in fitness activities. In the past ten years, group fitness activities have taken on a "blowout" growth. However, city public open space and service facilities are severely insufficient, far from meeting the needs of residents. Because of unreasonable using of the space, many conflicts are appearing in some communities. Although the municipal administration has taken some measures such as transforming park green space and the city plazas to increase fitness activity space, the fundamental solution still lies in two aspects: urban planning and landscape optimization.In order to improve the quality of life and living environment to the utmost and enhance the city residents’ happiness index, this study selected 24 typical representatives gathered in Fuzhou urban area. By means of spatial field surveys and questionnaires, the author sums up some factors which influence the user satisfaction evaluation and some common problems in the space for urban group fitness activity. The main research results are:(1)There are five types of public open space where group fitness activities can be carried out. The author observes and evaluates location, shape of the site area, facilities, environment, management and atmosphere of the above five types. In addition, the author analyzes the user group structure and behavior. Finally, the author investigates the possible reasons of the evaluation factors of user satisfaction.(2)By adopting factor analysis, descriptive statistics, variance analysis and regression analysis to process the questionnaire data,22 evaluation factors are transferred into five public factors.The author finds that three common factors exerts significant influence on user satisfactions. They are:psychological impact, space utility, the influence of and management of noise. In addition, four other items also affect user satisfaction. They are the number of space-using people in the item of service condition, the type of cluster fitness activities, involvement frequency and staying duration.(3)The author concludes some common problems that prevail in urban group fitness activities. They can be generalized as follows: ①shortage and unbalanced distribution;②lack of diversity in terms of functions;③potential safety hazards;④lack of detailed design;⑤bad ecological environment;⑥lack of and relatively bad maintenance of necessary supporting facilities.By setting investigation and analysis of group fitness activities space in Fuzhou city as the starting point, the author uses theories such as city design, city green space planning theory, the theory of modern landscape planning and design, Post Occupancy Evaluation, city sustainable development theory as the theoretical basis, and constructs a scientific and reasonable planning system for city group fitness activity, and proposes group fitness site design and landscape optimization strategy. The main research results are as follows:(1)Based on the planning principles of social equity and sharing, personalization, composite function and sustainable development, the author proposes the architecture of planning system for group fitness activity, including spatial localization, space types, location selection, scale level, spatial accessibility, and function integration; put in place a quantitative index system for urban group fitness activities, which is characterized by per capita area and space coverage rate within walking distance; establishes per capita standard according to the different scale grade; proposes 500m as the coverage radius for group fitness activity space.(2)Since psychological influence is more subject to artificial regulate and control, this study mainly targets at some design elements which include four common factors in spatial utility(practical space, ecological environment, environmental facilities, noise and maintenance),then comes up with feasible strategies for landscape optimizing. Optimization content covers the functional division, space content, detail design, demand on spatial scale of different groups size and activities, specific elements of the site design, noise management, maintenance and management.