| Dangerous goods delivered by tanker took up more than90%of the total railway dangerous goods transportation and collision was one of the major accident risks faced by train. Referencing rail passenger passive safety protection technology, this paper optimized the structure of the tanker itself to improve the safety and reliability of dangerous goods transportation by dissipating impact energy and reducing the effects of liquid sloshing.Through the analysis of collisions of rail freight wagon in China, it is found that frontal crash near the stations and side crash with other vehicles at grade crossing were the majority of the accidents, which were researched in this paper. In order to achieve crashworthy tanker structure that can withstand impact at20km/h, setting frontal and side collision sceneries at the speed not exceeding20km/h. Crashworthiness analysis was carried out on the empty tanker. It is found that the highest safe impact speed was8km/h. The area around manholes of upper tanker plate and the area impacted by the car of lower tank plate were dangerous parts of tank body.Liquid goods had important influence on tank body during transportation. Crashworthiness analysis was carried out on the heavy tanker using Arbitrary Lagrangian-Euler (ALE) algorithm to simulate liquid goods and considering fluid-structure interaction effect between the goods and the tank. The top area of connection of upper tank plate and head, bottom of lower tank plate and the side part of lower tank plate impacted directly in side collision were dangerous parts of tank body.The optimization of tank structure was carried out aiming at these dangerous parts. These following improvements turned out to be appropriate improvements that meet the crashworthiness requirements at the speed of20km/h:increase the thickness of upper tank plate, lower tank plate, the plates between bolster web and lower tank plate; connecting side beams and draught-beams; add4bolster webs; add anti-wave plates in tank body. |
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