Study On Ultrasonic Scouring And Damage Characterization Of Fine Wool

Because of its rarity and excellent performance, fine wool has been paid much attention by the high quality consumers. Fine wool refers to the diameter of the wool less than 18.5μm, it has fine fineness, whiteness, curly, good thermal conductivity and other characteristics, the fiber is smooth and light, the fabric is light and soft, elegant and comfortable, and it is recognized as the best wool products in pure wool products that can be comparable with cashmere. In the textile processing, fiber is susceptible to damage by physical and mechanical effect, chemical reagents and high temperature conditions, The strength of fiber is reduced, and the phenomenon of shrinkage reducing, which seriously affects the quality of the product. According to the characteristics and problems of fine wool processing, traditional scouring method is difficult to achieve high efficiency and low damage processing, so combined with the future development trend, this paper study on superfine wool ultrasonic scouring.The application of ultrasonic agitation in conventional non-ionic detergent wool scouring instead of the traditional scouring mechanical agitation. Ultrasonic cleaning mechanism is cavitation, which make the dirt in the surface or shelter bursting and peeling. At the same time, the osmotic effect of the cleaning liquid is enhanced, the pulse stirring is increased, the dissolution, dispersion and emulsification effect accelerate, which reduce the surface tension of the dirt and make it easily removed. In addition, the ultrasonic treatment cause scale cracking and peeling in some fibers, which is beneficial to the removal of the dirt on the scale, it can also reduce felting in the process of wool. The application of ultrasonic in scouring has the characteristics of water saving, energy saving, protecting environment, improving the quality of textile products and shorten the processing cycle. Compared with the traditional scouring method, ultrasonic scouring can reduce the temperature, shorten the time and reduce detergent with small damage. With the development of science and technology, the processing of textile materials is becoming more and more energy and time saving and pollution-free. As one of the means of green environmental protection, ultrasonic cleaning is paid much attention by people. The main work and results in this paper are as follows:(1) Five slot of ultrasonic wool scouring process were adopted. The effects of time, temperature, detergent and bath ratio were evaluated by single factor experiments. the wool scouring effect was evaluated by testing the weight loss rate, residual fat rate and the white degree of the wool. Through orthogonal experiment, the optimum design of the process parameters is optimized. For the fine wool at 16.5μm, the best combination of process factors was detergent 1g/L, time 4min, temperature 55, bath ratio 1:160.(2) The mechanism of ultrasonic cleaning was studied. Study on the effect of the ultrasonic scouring and the non ultrasonic scouring, Different ultrasonic power and ultrasonic frequency were set up on the wool scouring. The effect of ultrasonic power on wool scouring is complicated. The lower ultrasonic power makes the cavitation less effective, the higher power increases the cavitation, and the cavitation effect is enhanced, but the cavitation bubbles are not uniform and the transmission efficiency is low. The ultrasonic frequency affects the size of the bubble, the size of the cavitation implosion is inversely proportional to the frequency of the ultrasonic irradiation. The experiment found that when the ultrasonic power was 120 w, the three kinds of superfine wool scouring effect were better, and can achieve the requirements of the wool scouring. When the ultrasonic frequency is 100 kHz, the scouring effect is better than that of 45 kHz and 80 kHz. Under the same condition, the ultrasonic scouring of wool can basically meet the requirements, while without the ultrasonic treatment, wool scouring effect is poor, it shows that ultrasonic has a promotion effect on the removal of wool dirt.(3) The diameter, tensile properties, friction properties and surface morphology of wool which scouring with ultrasonic or without ultrasonic were studied. The effects of ultrasonic wave on the properties of the fibers were compared. The results showed that after ultrasonic scouring, the diameter of the wool decreased slightly, fiber tensile strength decreased and elongation increased, the static and dynamic friction coefficient are lower, Friction effect is also greatly reduced and the fiber surface is etched, peeled, scales angle increases and the surface cracks.