Research Of Nitration Process In Different Nitrating System With N₂O₅

The N₂O₅ is a kind of new environmental friendly nitrating agent, which contains the quality of easy to control the temperature during the nitrification process. Meanwhile, the products can be easily separated and the productive rate is also in a high level. The organic system of N₂O₅ has strong selectivity and most of them do not require waste-acid treatment.The inorganic system of N₂O₅ has none selectivity and it has strong capability of nitrification;however, basically there is no oxidative side-effects. These two systems are complementary systems. Therefore, this unique quality leads to a broadly using prospect in nitrification. This paper will analyse the research of the application on nitrification based on the importance of the N₂O₅ in nitrification area.According to the Raman spectrum, NO₂⁺ exists in N₂O₅/HNO₃, N₂O₅/20% oleum,N₂O₅/CH3NO2 and N₂O₅/CH2Cl2 systems. The intensity of NO₂⁺ in N₂O₅/HNO₃ and N₂O₅/20% oleum system is stronger than it in organic systems. Moreover, the intensity of NO₂⁺ in N₂O₅/20% oleum system is much stronger than it in N₂O₅/HNO₃ system.Using pyrazoles as the original material with different dosages in different condition to produce 1-NP. After the improvement of the technology, the productive rate is only 40.84%,which makes this method has no advantages of manufacture.When using N₂O₅-20%oleum as the nitrating system, the nitrification process has wide range temperature with low effect on the solubility of N₂O₅ by temperature. 1,3-DNP was producedat low temperature of 50℃ in one step with the highest yield can reach 90.48%. This process has a great value to study because it not only saves the original materials with low reaction temperature and high rate of production but also contains the quality of environmental friendly due to the cyclic utilization of waste liquid which can reduce the emission of waste water remarkably. It is proved by the representation of TLC and melting point that a tiny amount of TNPis produced at 170℃in one step method. However, the productive rate cannot be increased, this method require more researches.After the optimizing of the reaction condition of using N₂O₅-20%oleum system to nitrify1-NP in the condition of 85℃, the best method is, the mole ratio is 1:5 with the temperature between 80 to 85℃ and react for 1 hour, the productive rate is 80.65%. After the optimizing of the reaction condition of using N₂O₅-20%oleum system to nitrify MTNP methenamine in the condition of 165℃, the best method is, the mole ratio is 1:5 with the temperature between165 to 170℃ and react for 1.5 hours, the productive rate is 60.32%. Both of them have high rate of productive with short reaction time and products can be easily separated, hence they all have great value of study.Exploring the technology of using N₂O₅/HNO₃ nitrating system to produce RDX by nitrify methenamine directly. Discovered that the pure RDX can only be produced in low reaction concentration; by contrast, by-products will be produced in high reaction concentration.Exploring the technology of using N₂O₅/HNO₃ nitrating system to re-nitrify RDX. This method has been proved by the representation of mass spectrum that will produce new material.