| Tobacco is an important economic crop in the world, and the total production and consumption in China are on the top of the world. Every year there are large numbers of tobacco waste in the process of cigarette production. If we turn the tobacco waste into treasure, it will not only reduce the pollution of environment, but also enhance the economic income of farmers, and ensure sustainable and stable development of the tobacco industry. On the other hand, there are many reports on Maillard reaction between specific carbohydrate and amino acid, while a few studies about enzymatic hydrolyzate as a base material for the Maillard reaction. Firstly, this paper studied the basic compositions and the volatile compounds of three different tobacco waste which came from Pingdingshan in Henan, Luoning in Henan, Nanping in Fujian; Secondly, amylases were used to degrade tobacco waste into small molecular compounds such as glucose, maltose and other small compounds for Maillard reaction, then the optimization of enzyme hydrolysis and conditions of Maillard reaction were discussed. Maillard reaction products were used for cigarette flavoring, and Maillard reaction flavor characteristics were summarized further in the process of rules.The main research of article is as follows:1. The results of the related chemical components of three tobacco waste which were from Luoning and Pingdingshan in Henan, Nanping in Fujian were measured: the contain of total sugar such as Luoning in Henan, Pingdingshan in Henan and Nanping in Fujian respectively was 12.05%, 11.44% and 12.29%; the content of nicotine respectively was 3.35%, 3.51% and 3.02%; the content of petroleum ether extract respectively was 6.14%, 5.32% and 5.78%; the content of free amino acids was 5.87%, 5.49% and 5.16%, and the content of petroleum ether extract and total sugar was relatively higher. The volatile aroma components of three abandoned tobacco were extracted through simultaneous distillation-extraction(SDE) and analyzed by GC-MS: Luoning in Henan contained a total of 36 kinds of volatile aroma components, Pingdingshan in Henan contained a total of 30 kinds, and Nanping in Fujian contained a total of 31 kinds. Among them the contain of Luoning,s volatile aroma components was highest.2. Single amylase, β-amylase and composite enzyme were studied to hydrolyze tobacco waste in the concentration of reducing sugar as an index.The results showed that the optimal additions of amylase and β- amylase were 0.2% and 3%. The value of pH, reaction time, and temperature of the single factor experiment was carried out respectively. Research showed that the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were as follows: pH 5.4, reaction time 7 h, temperature 50 ℃,and the quality concentration of reducing sugar was 25.46 mg/mL in the condition.3. The process of Maillard reaction obtained by the concentrated hydrolysate solution and L-alanine reaction was studied. Conditions of Maillard reaction were optimized on color intensity and smoking score of the reaction product, and the optimal conditions of Maillard reaction were as follows: pH 8, reaction temperature 115 ℃, reaction time 5 h, the moisture content of the reaction system 15%. By the analysis of GC/MS, a total of 100 kinds of chemical components were identified in Maillard reaction products. Among them, there were 57 kinds of compounds which related to tobacco aroma, accounting for 71.277% of the total content. Most of these aromatic compounds were heterocyclic compounds such as Pyrazine, pyrrole, pyridine and so on, which played a good modification in the aspect of cigarette flavoring. |
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