Analysis Of The Spatial And Temporal Characteristics Of Wetland Ecological Service Value In Songnen Plain

With a deepening of research on wetland ecosystems, researchers have paid more and more attention on wetland value of ecosystem service. The wetland ecosystem services of the Songnen Plain into four categories: provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services, and their respective ecosystem characteristics, structures and processes were considered. We assessed and evaluated 10 ecosystem services from wetlands in the Songnen Plain during 1980-2010, such as material production, carbon sequestration, water retention ability, water quality purification, nutrient cycling, wild species habitat, recreation service, culture and scientific research, releasing oxygen and soil erosion control, based on Landsat MSS/TM, AVHRR and MODIS remote sensing image, and multi-source data such as basic geography, field survey and social statistics. We adopted the market value method, carbon tax and afforestation cost method, shadow engineering method, substitution expense, expert method and other methods. For the requirements of assessment operations, especially valuation of changes and spatial-temporal changes of wetland ecosystem services, the authors considered that the administrative districts and counties in Songnen could be taken as the assessing units.Results show that the total value of the ecosystem services for wetland of Songnen Plain in 1980、1995、2000 and 2010 were 377.45 × 108、331.06 × 108、321.37 × 108、291.35 × 108 CNY, respectively. Among four main categories, regulating service had the maximal value, followed by cultural service and supply service, and the support service had the lowest value. While the regulating service and supply service declined year by year, with 1.69 × 108、1.13 × 108 CNY per year. The cultural service was not stable, it has twin peaks, one is in 1980, and the other is 2010, with 0.45 × 108 CNY per year,Mainly because of the Songnen plain is located in the semi-arid area, temperature, resulting in a decline in rainfall and regional evapotranspiration increased. Cultural function is volatile, and appear bimodal phenomenon, the reason is that the value of culture and scientific research is high in 1980, since that culture and scientific research value cut and tourist recreation value continues to rise year by year, more than 2000 8 times higher than that of 2010, with the increasing of people’s living standard.The study also found that: water regulating of regulatory services, cultural functions of culture and scientific research services, and habitat supply function of supply services, this three function value is relatively high, take hold dominates in the wetland ecosystem services.Spatially, most of the wetland value decreased area mainly embodied in north. And most of the wetland value increased area mainly located in central and southwest Songnen Plain, but the increase rate is relatively small. The typical value decrease region is Heihe city in northern city, Suihua city in the northeast, Qiqihaer city in northwest, and Baicheng city in southeast, Beian, Dedu in Heihe city, Suiling, Hailun, Mingshui and Lanxi in Suihua city, Baiquan, Keshan in Qiqihaer city, Acheng in Harbin city, and Baicheng in Baicheng city of Jilin province especially, the rate of fall in the value of not less than 45%.The typical value decrease area locate Yian, Qiqihaer in Qiqihaer city, Wangkui in Suihua city, Haerbin,Wuchang in Harbin city, and Tongyu in Baicheng city,Qianan in Songyusn city, Jiutai, Yushu in Changchun city, Yitongmanzuzizhi country in Siping city of Jilin province. Compareded to reduce county value rate, the value increase is lower than the decrease area, and value increased in the region is centered largely in Jilin province. As a result, the value of the Songnen plain wetland distribution from the northeast and northwest transfer to the southwes during 1980-2010.Our study provides decision-makers theory support for the effective protection of the wetland resources and planning of development policy by means of quantitative evaluation of wetland ecosystem services.