The Preliminary Study Of PM₁₀-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons During Winter And Summer In Some Region, China

Ambient particulate matters(PM) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) and PAHs pollutions attract wide public attentions due to its adverse impacts on environment and human health. The researches for PM and PM-bound PAHs are mainly concentrated in metropolitan, such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Xiamen. However, some small cities(such as Nanchang, Mianyang and Huangshi and so on) are rarely reported in China. Therefore, this study provided valuable basic information for the study on ambient PAHs pollution.In this study, PM10–bound PAHs samples were collected with glass fiber filter and analyzed from ten cities in China during winter(12/2013-2/2014) and summer(6-8/2014). 27 parent PAHs including 15 U.S. EPA priority pollutants and 12 non-priority PAHs and 12 nitro PAHs were analyzed through a laboratory pretreatment by silica gel-alumina column and GC-MS detection. PAH pollution level, composition profile, spatial distribution and seasonal variation were analyzed, and the ILCRs and PAF were calculated to assess potential health risks to humans caused by PAHs inhalation exposure. The results showed that:(1) The sum concentration of ∑p-PAH27 ranged from 8 ng/m3 to 1055 ng/m3 in all sampling sites. The dominated p-PAHs found in PM10 were chrysene(CRH, 15.0%), fluoranthene(FLA, 13.0%), benzo(k)fluoranthene(BkF, 11.7%) and pyrene(PYR, 10.0%); the total of them contributed about 50.0% of ∑PAH27. The pollution levels in the northern cities were generally higher than those in the southern cities, and those in the eastern coastal cities were relatively low. The pollution levels in winter were higher than those in summer.(2) The sum concentrations of ∑n-PAH12 were in range of 104~1325 pg/m3 in all sampling locations. The concentrations of n-PAHs were lower than those of p-PAHs. For 12 n-PAHs, the dominated individuals were 3-nitro fluoranthene(3N-FLA, 207 pg/m3, 44.1%) and 9-nitro anthracene(9N-ANT, 187 pg/m3, 33.7%). The pollution level, spatial distribution and seasonal variation of n-PAHs were similar with those of p-PAHs.(3) According to inhalation exposure to PAHs, the crowd potential risks were assessed. The equivalent concentrations of p-PAHs were in range of 4~473 ng/m3, and the associated incremental lifetime came risks(ILCRs) ranged from 7.41×10-6 to 1.65×10-3. The concentrations of population-weighted benzo(a)- pyrene equivalent concentrations(B[a]Peq) ranged from 2.3 pg/m3 to 76.4 pg/m3, and the associated population attributable frations(PAFs) ranged from 0.2% to 7.7% with the mean of 2.0%, which was higher than the previously reported national average of 1.6%. In this study, PAFs were obviously correlation with lung cancer incidence.