Study On The Types Of Environmental Development And Pollution Space Migration In China

Resource consumption is a basis reflection of the regional environment; economic level is an important measure of the development criteria. There has been a new index system that comprehensive evaluation of the environment and development in the region--environmental development types. Whether the type of development environment advanced or not is related to the sustainable development economy and the effective use of resources. However, there is not a clear standard for the environment development types for each province in China. So it is urgent to establish an effective system that each region could divide resource targeted. There are two forms of space migration environmental pollution:one is the dominant migration, the second is implicit migration. Dominant migration mainly refers to the high energy consumption-high pollution enterprises relocation from developed regions to developing regions; implicit migration refers to the relatively backward region transport primary products to the developed areas.In the paper, we divided the types of environmental development for30provinces. Then we selected the typical aspects of Beijing and Hebei, compared the two places social economic development, industrial enterprises gathered and the status of consumption of per unit to demonstrate the migration exists in the two areas. Finally, we proof the two forms of environmental pollution space migration are existing. The followings are the conclusion that from the depth analysis and comprehensive research:(1) Today, China’s situation is three types of environmental development in one country. Most western area is still in the farming agriculture society; the western and most medium provinces are in the mechanical industrial society; eastern coastal areas are in the intelligent information society. There is a greater progress space in China’s urban environmental development type, rich and clean province number is only9; affluent and dirty provinces reached15; backward and clean provinces have6.(2) Different types of industrial structure and aggregation result to the different energy consumption and pollution emissions. That is the basic reason of economic development and environmental quality differences. Beijing is the capital of our country, social and economic developed highly. Beijing has entered intelligent information society. In2010, its per capita GDP is three times than Hebei, its industrial structure type is Ⅲ-Ⅱ-Ⅰ and the tertiary industry accounted for75%of GDP. The industry in Beijing mainly becomes low energy consumption-low pollution, low water consumption-low pollution. Hebei is adjacent to Beijing, but its economy is relatively backward, it still in the machinery of industrial society. Hebei’s industrial structure type is Ⅱ-Ⅲ-Ⅰ. The industry in Hebei accounted for52%of GDP, high energy consumption-high pollution, high water consumption-high pollution enterprises is the mainstay industry.(3) Except the differences in levels of development and industrial structure, the environment migration is an important reason for the huge difference in environment between Beijing and Hebei. On the one hand, Capital Iron Company, Yanshan Petrochemical transfer from Beijing to Hebe is the dominant form of space pollution migration; on the other hand, electricity, cement, steel and other primary industrial products that Beijing needed transfer through trade diversion and the enterprise layout in Hebei. It forms implicit migration.There are two main innovation of this paper:(1) In this paper, there are three types of environmental development divided by the4indicators--per unit energy consumption, SO2emissions, water consumption and COD emissions. It is has a great significance for our country to macro guide.(2) In the space migration of pollution area, mostly foreign study in large-scale migration which is international range, the domestic studied mostly in small-scale migration. The study in domestic scale that between provinces pollution migration is very rare. This paper compared Hebei and Beijing finds that Hebei is in the passive position. This paper has scientific guidance for the backward provinces to reverse the passive situation in the future.