Study On The Diversity Of Intestinal Flora Of Sable In Daxing'anling Area

Sable(Martes zibellina) belongs to the Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae and Maretes. There are 18 subspecies of sable all over the world and 4 subspecies which are mainly distributed in China. The four subspecies of sable in China are M.z.averini, in northern area of Xinjiang province, M.z.princeps, in Inner Mongolia and Daxinganling Mountains in Heilongjiang province, M.z.linkouensis, in Heilongjiang province and Xiaoxinganling Mountains and M.z.hamgyenensis, in area of Changbai Mountains in Jilin province. Yanbian’s local specialties such as Ginseng, velvet antler and mink are reputed as three treasures in northeast of China. And as the member of the ―three treasures in northeast of China‖, the fur of sable is becoming more and more precious and occupying a unique position in the precious fur trading market of the world. Recently, due to the habitats losing, serious fragmentation, food deficiency and over hunting by human activities, the distribution and quantity of sable deceased severely. Obviously, the recovery of the population and habitats protection of this species in extremely cold area urgently need to be addressed.Microorganism is the most abundant life formation all over the world and human also have adjusted to the environment which is full of microorganism obviously. The largest region which the microflora is living in is the gastrointesinal tract(GI). And GI has various important functions in the body of the host, including growth and development, immunology, physiology and nutriology. The intestinal microflora has the influence in our human’s healthy and disease. Microorganism often is founded in the different section in the body of the host, such as the skin, oral cavity, urogenital canal and GI and it also exists with the host peacefully which called the ―Normal microflora‖ or ―microflora‖.The composition of mammalian intestinal microflora is related to many environmental and geographical factors and plays an important role in lots of aspects like growth and development. Sequencing data of 16 S rRNA gene of Sables(Martes zibellina) using next generation sequencing technology is still limited. In our research, 84116 reads obtained from sequencing were analyzed to characterize and compare the intestinal microflora of wild sables and housed sables. Firmicutes(31.1%), Bacteroidetes(26.0%) and Proteobacteria(21.5%) were the first three phyla in wild sables while Firmicutes(55.6%), Proteobacteria(29.1%) and Actinobacteria(6.0%) were the top three phyla in housed sables. In phylum level, wild sables showed significant difference in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria compared to housed sable which had significantly change only in TM7 in phylum level and Clostridia in class level respectively. The predominance of Bacteroidetes in wild sables should be paid more attention in further research. The results indicated that sudden change of dietary for mammals may be the key factor to influence the fecal bacteria diversity.