Study On The Culture And Individual Development

Moist chamber cultures researched by random sampling method, samples were collected from living bark, surface of rotten wood and litter. Moist chamber cultures from May 2013 until November 2014,5 orders,5 families and 10 genera 18 species were cultured. Among them, the process from plasmodia to mature fructifications of Physarum roseum was observed. The process from young fructifications to mature fructifications of Arcyria cinerea was also observed. Moist chamber culture is provided to aid to field collection and it can make materials for the later research.The study of laboratory cultures used some sterile culture techniques including hanging drop culture and oats-agar culture, and some observation technologies for microstructures were used in order to study the life history. Research materials including 3 orders,4 families and 7 genera 12 species. Physarella oblonga、Physarum flavicomum、Physarum mellum、Physarum album、Physarum roseum、Didymium laxifilum、Didymium squamulosum、Didymium listeri Diderma globosum were cultured on oats-agar medium, and their complete life history were observed. Among them, the complete life history of P. album、D. laxifilum、D. listeri and D. globosum were the first time to illustrate. Spore germination of Stemonitis fusca、Hemitrichia serpula and Arcyria oerstedtii were observed with using hanging drop culture. Spores of P. oblonga、P. flavicomum、P. mellum and P. album germination all by V-shape split, however, spores of D. globosum and S. fusca germination by hole split; after germination, myxamoebae or swam cell were released, different species of swam cell had different formation positions of flagella and movement patterns; the plasmodia of order Physarales were all phaneroplasmodium with large veins; the genera of Physarum sporulation all needed light stimulation, whereas in genera Diderma light had no influences on sporulation.A comparative study on the developmental processes of the family Physaridae showed that different development processes have been found in different species of myxomycetes, spores of these 4 myxomycete species germination all by V-shape split, but germination time was slightly different in the same condition. Spores of P. flavicomum took up to 5h for germination to occur, however spores of P. oblonga took up 48h for germination to occur. The myxamoeba of P. oblonga and P. melleum changed into a swarm cell with 2 flagella, whereas in the same conditions swarm cell was not found in P. flavicomum and P. album. The plasmodia of different myxomycete species had different growth rate. The plasmodia of P. oblonga, P. melleum, P. flavicomum and P. album developed fruiting bodies respectively after 2-3d,2-3d,7d and 13d. P. oblonga and P. melleum took 25-30d to complete the life cycle of spore to spore, P. flavicomum and P. album needed 40-45d.