Study On Drought And Social Response In Gansu Province During The Period Of The Qing Dynasty (1644-1949)

During Qing dynasty to the period of the republic of China, the drought in Gansu Province was very frequent, which brought great influence to local populace’s production and life.In recent years,with the situation being more serious,protection against drought have been given to priority. To research the drought in Gansu province,what happened from Qing dynasty to the republic of China,it can provide vitally important reference value to Gansu province’s cause of drought resistance and across the country that to summarize the drought distribution,analyze its social impact,and explore the social relief mechanism. Anyway,based on the statistical analysis of relevant historical data of drought,this paper will focus on the study of the drought’s epidemic regularity,its effect and the response of the society. Specifically,the paper will make a conclusion about the evolution characteristic of the drought and the innovation in disaster mechanism,based on the systemic comparision between in different time and regions.All in all, centered on the motif "drought and society",this paper will carry final purpose on the study of social response,in order to have used in the world,in the service of the current.The specific research contents are as follows:Introduction,the paper depicts the reason of my choice and the research significance,analyses the relevant academic research results. Finally it puts forward the innovation of this paper and highlights its characteristics.The first chapter,through a brief overview of the drought disaster in Gansu province from Qing dynasty to the period of the republic of China, it is based on the statistical analysis of relevant historical drought, and concluded that the total size of drought in Gansu province is187times, reflecting the frequent characteristic as a whole during the past306years.And on this basis,it systematically analyses the temporal and spatial distribution of drought in Gansu province.The second chapter,this chapter mainly demonstrates the social impact of the drought in Gansu province, namely population change,agricultural economy,commercial economy, and the social culture.In terms of the population,not only does it lead to the deaths, but also a great wave of population emigration happenes and victims. On the economic front, on one hand,the drought produces direct damage to the agricultural economy, and seriously hinderes the reproduction of the agricultural economy. On the other hand,due to the native undeveloped business,it is easily to bring out the deformity commercialization phenomenon.In terms of the culture,based on the research of the feminine trait and the phenomenon of cannibalism, it is concluded that the drought impacts on the system of Chinese traditional social and cultural value.The third chapter, mainly discusses ideas of disaster relief, disaster relief agencies and related procedures. Disaster relief in the Qing dynasty is a master of Chinese traditional social relief thoughts, the republic of China make a further innovation.In terms of disaster relief agencies and program,it has till some shortcomings,although the republic of china is more specialization and sequencing than Qing dynasty’s.The fourth chapter, it illustrates how both of the government and civilians take effective measures to cope with drought.This chapter mainly demonstrates the official response,namely disaster preparedness, disaster relief and post-disaster recovery. Warehousing is an important representative of disaster preparedness measures, because storage of complete or not directly decides the success or failure of disaster preparedness.Food relief,coins relief and relief were to be depicted in the second section,also turn it into the social background at that time and evaluate the actual effect.The post-disaster recovery is mainly divided into the exemption and postponement of taxes,debit and cridet sides and so on.Individual relief of the gentry,professional relief of the social organizations and the foreign force are involved in folk strength relief. Since the end of Qing dynasty to the republic of China,the role of private relief has a growing trend,compared with the decline of official relief.Conclusion,it systematically summarizes the space-time distribution characteristics of drought in Gansu province from Qing dynasty to the period of the republic of China, its social influence and the related relief mechanism.Through analysising of the effectiveness of disaster response in the period,it is concluded that the mainstay status of the government disaster relief is unshakable, and the civil relief should not be ignored.Meanwhile, political background and the traffic condition is also the important factors influencing the drought relief cause.