Beijing, Tianjin, Chongqing And Retail Efficiency And Influencing Factors

Retail industry is a very important component of business circulation industrylinking production and consumption. Its operation and development not only affect thefunction of business circulation directly but also determine the actual growth speed andthe performance of the national economy. Meanwhile, with the production surplus, theimportance of retail industry is accelerating. Beijing、Tianjin、Shanghai、Chongqing arecites that report directly to the central government,the retail industry of the four citiesare relatively developed with multiple sorts of operations and structures,standing forthe developing direction of the retail industry of china,they are taken as good modelsfor other districts.The paper chooses13listed retail companies of the four cities as samples andbuilds the indicator system by taking total asset、primary business cost、net fixed asset、operation capital as input indicators and primary business revenue、primary businessprofit as output indicators. The paper objectively evaluates the comprehensiveefficiency、pure technology efficiency and scales efficiency of retail industry of the fourcities from static and dynamic directions by DEA analysis method. Then the paperanalyses the macro factors that affect the retail industry efficiency by tobit regressionand measures the degree of the affections.The results indicates that the absolute levels of comprehensive efficiency、puretechnology efficiency and scales efficiency of Beijing are high and stable, but its level islower than Shanghai and Chongqing in most period, especially the scales efficiencyalways ranks third in the period. The absolute levels of comprehensive efficiency、scalesefficiency and pure technology efficiency of Tianjin are not only low but also ranks last.However, the two formers are waving up, on the contrary, the pure technologyefficiency presents a fluctuating downward trend. The absolute and relative levels of thethree efficiencies of Shanghai are high and continue fluctuating upward, especially in2009and2010, the comprehensive and scales efficiency of Shanghai are highest amongthe four cities. The levels of comprehensive efficiency and scales efficiency ofChongqing both present trends almost like inverted U, the two levels are high in themiddle of the period but low in the beginning and the ending of the period. They arehighest between2007and2009, but they perform just so-so in other years. However, thepure technology efficiency of Chongqing is highest in the whole period.At last, the paper analyses the macro facts that influence efficiency by tobit regression, the results show that GDP and tertiary industry proportion of districts havelittle influences on comprehensive efficiency of retail industry, this could, to someextent, indicate that economic condition and stage of development have no directrelationship with comprehensive efficiency. And the influence of openness extent tocomprehensive efficiency is not explicit and needs to be researched further more. Thequantity and turnover of retail enterprises above designated size respectively havepositive and negative affection to comprehensive efficiency.