Farmers’ Operating Mode Transition And Its Regional Differences

"Three rural" issue has always been the difficult problems of modernization, and the farmer’s problem is the core of "three rural" issues, where the household Economic development bears the brunt. Therefore, this paper selects famers as the object of study, the mode of operation as the starting point, studies the transformation and regional differences of farmer’s mode of operation from1936to2012, and explore the law of behavior changes and transformations of the mode of operation in the complex process of social change, such as work changes、the land area changes、 business changes、production capital accumulation changes. Thus we can do what little one can to help for the improve and perfect of the "three rural" policies to build a well-off society through dedicating a source of strength as much as possible.This paper’s researching significance is that study the transformation and its regional differences of the mode of farmer’s operation in the vertical and horizontal two dimensions from1936to2012.Select1936、1979、2009、the contemporary this four historical point in time from the longitudinal dimensions, and select population and labor、land、production tools、production of capital and income situation this five indicators from the horizontal dimension.1936、1949、1979、2009、contemporary this five important historical point in time, each represents the best stage of the old China before the war of resistance against Japan、the early years of New China、the starting point of the reform and opening up、the60th anniversary of New China、this present stage, and can represent the transformation of the famer’s mode of operation from1936to2012.However, the continuous experience of12years of war-torn makes farmer’s operating completely in a non-normal state in1949,namely the data does not make sense. Thus exclude1949to selecte four remaining historical point in time as a research point in time. Population and labor、land、production tools、production of capital、the income this five indicators are famer’s core elements, therefore can effectively evaluate the transformation of the mode of farmer’s operation. It must be noted that the date of the first three historical point in time is from the historical data, and the contemporary date is from the field survey data. This paper contains introduction、a theory analysis of transformations of the mode of farmer’s operation、 a comparative study of in different historical stages、questionnaire analysis of the mode of farmer’s operation in different regions、conclusions and policy recommendations this five-part.Main conclusions:(1) The farmer’s management can adapt a different scale. First, in old China of low productivity level、per capita land resources’scarce、and relatively abundant labor resources offarmers, the farmers can achieve the goal of overall revenue maximization through the traditional sense of "intensive", and adapt to a small-scale operation. This moment, labor resources are in a low degree of utilization and in a single channel. In a heavier burden on the population dependent, farmers make "breadwinner" as the main objective. Therefore, even if the marginal effect of labor is very low, farmers will still increase the labor inputfully tap the potential of the workforce to make up for the lack of a small-scale operation. Second, in today’s highly developed level of productivity, the production of advanced tools、the developed and perfected system of modern agricultural services, the initial formation and development of the rural labor markets and and transfer markets, make it possible that the farmers form a large-scale production and operation. Farmers may and can realize the scale of operation, with scientific management methods、advanced machine tools and "policies wind" of the strengthen agriculture and benefit farmers in countries and so on. Naturally can achieve considerable income to reach a middle and higher living standards. Found that three rice growers’scale more than157mu, with a maximum size of237mu, in25surveyed households in Jinyun county, and have all reached a middle or higher living standards in the local. This is a good illustration.(2) Farmer’s diversified business is not a unique phenomenon only after the reform and opening up. Back in1936, I found farmer’s diversified business very popular in Nanjing and Dingxian county in Hebei Province. Averaglly,17%time of a household is used for the (That moment, call the outside of agriculture industry as sideline) labor, and the sideline income make a large contribution to the income of farmers.(3) Based on the range of farmer’s business areas, farmer’s management is divided into farmer’s agricultural mode of operation, farmr’s non-farm mode of operation and farmer’s mixed mode of operation. Whether it is as early as the Republic of china or now, the pure agricultural and the pure non-farm are both seldom, and the mixed mode of operation has always been the most important mode of farmer’s mode of operation. Analyzing household’s data in1936, find that the majority of farmers are mixed mode of operation, the agricultural income is the main body of, but the sideline income is also an important part of farmer’s income, averaglly about8.16%of the total income of the farmer. We also conclude the same answer and non-farm income has grown to be the largest part of farmer’s income by analyzing household’s data in Hubei province in2010.(4) Even in today’s highly developed productive forces, the traditional agricultural production tool, such as pumps、draft animals, is still an essential agricultural production tool for some farmers. The traditional agricultural production tool still play a certain agricultural production function, and its existence has practical significance.(5) Farmer’s operate in areas rangs from "the first industry-based, supplemented by secondary and tertiary industries" gradually into "tertiary industry-based, secondary industry as an important support, supplemented by primary industry", benefiting from comparative effectiveness (tertiary industry> industry> primary industry), and the income level of farmers shows an increasing trend in general.(6) Summarize the law of transformation and development of famer’s mode of operation to conclude that it transform from extensive mixed mode of operation of "transitionly relying on the use of labor to improve efficiency、useing the backward production tool、the low level of accumulation or no accumulation of productive capital and the concurrently industry laboring to maintain subsistence" to intensive mixed mode of operation of "the initial mechanization of the production tools、 farmer’s arranging a certain accumulation of capital、reasonable arrangements for labor in different industries, and the relative scientific management".