Cross-culture Empowering Leadershi Behaviors Of Singaporean, Indonesian Expatriates In China

With the launch of China-Asean Free Trade Area, business interactions between China and Asian countries is increasing. For foreign expatriates, to enhance the effectiveness of expatriation, it is not only adjustment to Chinese culture, but cross-cultural leadership also plays an important role in leading Chinese subordinates.Under such situation, this research was conducted to build the empowering leadership behavior models for Singaporean and Indonesian expatiates in China to help them uncover the challenges and potentials in leading Chinese subordinates in Chinese culture environment. A serials of90-minutes’ semi-structured interviews was conducted to Singaporean or Indonesian expatriates and was analyzed under the framework of grounded-theory based on the current cross-culture competence and sensitivity theories and cross-culture leadership theories. The empowering leadership behaviors model for Indonesian expatriates includes:Work Resilience, Encouraging Innovation, Caring Personal Development, Mentoring, and Trust Information Resource. The model for Singaporean expatriates includes:Leading by Example, Detail Control, Caring Personal Development, Mentoring, and Trust Information Resource.Questionnaire was developed based on the7dimensions to exam the structure and characteristics of empowering leadership behaviors of Singaporean, Indonesian expatiates. A comparison with data from Chinese leaders indicates the differences among of empowering leadership behaviors of leaders from three countries. And by impacting on different dimensions of psychological empowerment, the empowering leadership behaviors influence the total psychological empowerment of Chinese subordinates.