China's Rural Medical Security Problems And Countermeasures

The Medical Security System of China has been developing rappidly in recent years. It has formed a system with Chinese characteristics and has had great achievements. Basically, it realized a coverage of all the urban and rural residents. However, there are still deficiencies in the system, especially for rural area, which requires further improvement. The rural medical security remains a lower development to that of urban area, which cannot provide the rural residents with satisfied medical needs. Medical issue is important because it constrains the development of rural area and has great effct on improvement of rural residents’live level, as well as be the block of construction of a harmonious society. The present study starts with the importance of rural medical insurance, and then elaborates the statement from four aspects.Part Ⅰ. The importance of rural medical insurance’s enhancement and improvement. To enhance and to improve the rural medical insurance is out of the need of urban and rural area development combination; of the harmonious society construction; and of rural medical condition improvement. It will make special contribution to the social development of China.Part Ⅱ. The problems and reasons of rural medical insurance. Problems of rural medical insurance mainly concentrate on the low level of combination which results in low protection capability; the mismatch of resourse arrangement which leads to high risk of medical morality; the relative low ratio of insurance participation which makes a weak finacing ability; and unstantardized finacing management which derives the problem of maintaining and increasing value of the funds. The reasons could be the backward economy; delay in institutional construction; urban-rural dualistic differences and backward management.Part Ⅲ. The experience and enlightenment of the rural medical insurance construction abroad. By selecting four countries which have similar rural situation for comparative study, the thesis emphasizes the experiences of other countries, such as to adapt the social medical insurance and economic development must be insisted; to realize the integration of government responsibility and legal institution; and to promote general benefitial medical insurance and to accept multimodal insurance system. It sheds some light on our medical insurance system construction, including government have to play a leading role in rural medical insurance construction; the construction must keep pace with time; to build a unified urban-rural medical insurance system; to make sure that rural medical insurance system varies with location; to establish supervision mechanism and to improve the legal system, etc.Part IV. To make further countermeasures and suggestions to rural medical insurance of China. It is the most important and difficult part in the study. It mainly illustrates the general requirements of rural medical insurance construction in the perspectives of guiding theory, main direction and basic approach. Later, it proposes several specific measures from the angles of promoting institutional construction; improving the level of combination; creating managing modal; broadening financing mechanism; and enhancing the supervision. This thesis also suggests that we need to begin with modern medical insurance information system and proposes some specific plans of building high-level medical insurance database in this very era of imformation.