Three-dimensional Localization Algorithms In Non-uniform Wireless Sensor Network Based On Multidimensional Scaling

In recent years, wireless sensor network has become a hot topic in IT researchfield, Location-based service in wireless sensor networks is a key technology formany applications，and localization has attracted academic interest for a long time. thedata that nodes obtained by sensing have physical meaning only when it knows thespecific location information occurred, so research on node localization is in the basicand vital position. Usually, monitoring areas in the real scene requires deployingnodes in a three-dimensional environment, while most of the existing localizationalgorithms are based on the premise of two-dimensional distribution, which inpractice can’t accurately calculate the specific position. Therefore, node localizationproblem in3D environment faces enormous challenges.This paper analyses the characteristics of3D large-scale wireless sensornetworks, deeply studies multidimensional scaling analysis technology and discussesthe problem of three dimensional space and3D surface localization respectively. Wepropose two kinds of three-dimensional localization algorithms based onmultidimensional scaling analysis. The main contribution and innovation are listed asfollows:(1) This paper proposes a distributed MDS localization algorithm which fit forthe unevenly distributed three-dimensional space network: D3D-MDS, consideringthe algorithm accuracy and complexity. The algorithm is based on the anchor nodeclusters, uses the mechanism of cluster to eliminate the multi-hop distance betweenclusters, thereby reducing the computational complexity, and reduce the error ofinternal cluster coordinate fusion. The simulation and performance analysis resultsshow that the algorithm performance is affected heavily by the anchor nodedistribution. Then an anchor node configuration is discussed to improve thelocalization accuracy. The results show that the localization accuracy of the improvedD3D-MDS algorithm increases by30%, and maintain a good stability, meanwhile thesimulation performance results show that when the network connectivity is over22,the performance of the improved D3D-MDS algorithm compared with MDS-MAPalgorithm improves nearly40%；D3D-MDS algorithm need less anchor，which helpsave costs. (2) Localization in3d surface is different from those in3d volume, we discussthe main challenges in this area, and propose a system to realize underwatertopography surface localization. A mds-based3d surface localization algorithm isproposed in this scenario and the specific underwater depth survey node is designed.The results of experiment and simulation show that the algorithm can successfullyobtain the topography information of the3D underwater surface, which is a kind ofpractical location method.(3) In D3D-MDS localization algorithm, a new three-dimensional coordinateconversion algorithm are researched and applied, which helps to reduce the errors ofcoordinate integration between clusters, and improve the localization precision.Besides the D3D-MDS algorithm based on rang-free localization are also explored inthis paper.