Design And Realization Of3D Spinal Surgical Navigation System

In traditional spine surgery, due to the spinal cord and nervous system that around the spine are not visible, so this surgery is very dangerous and difficult. The surgeons could only rely on the anatomical information obtained from the preoperative CT images or X-ray fluoroscopes which can only offer limited help for the surgeons in terms of reconstruction of the3D image of the patients. Although these methods can play a supporting role to some extent, but the quality of surgery still have to rely on the doctor’s clinical experience. In the paper, we research the key technologies of spinal surgery navigation system. The design and realization of3D spinal surgical navigation system is the key to make surgery more precise and secure.Firstly, three-dimensional CT image reconstruction is an important foundation for spine surgery navigation system. This thesis introduces the basic principle of Ray Casting and Marching Cubes. Then we get the experimental results through the three-dimension model reconstruction with volume rendering and surface rendering.This article compares the volume rendering with surface rendering from all aspects.Then, This article researchs the registration techniques of spinal surgical navigation system.Space registration techniques is very important to spine surgery navigation system.In this paper, we take a registration method that combined pre-registration and multi-surface ICP algorithm to registrate CT image and structured scanning image.At first, we use a three-point method to obtain the initial coordinate transformation of two images.then we get the exact coordinate transformation by multi-surface ICP algorithm. Finally,three-dimensional scanner with left and right cameras is used to locate and track surgical instruments.To evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the registration method, an experiment is conducted. it shows the registration accuracy is0.6mm.It can meet the basic requirements of surgical navigation.On this basis,applying the left and right cameras on the three-dimensional scanner to locate and track surgical instruments. Then this displays the surgical instruments in the surgical navigation system through the experimental simulation of surgical navigation data communication.In the end of paper, the spine surgery navigation system that we designed and developed is presented. Modules are divided according to their function. According to the basic process of surgical navigation, the detail functions of the system are introduced in the thesis.