| In the era of cultural globalization, cultural soft power has become an important part of the game between nations.Wushu, as holographic epitome of Chinese traditional culture,with a rich cultural connotation, will play an important role in the tide of Chinese cultural power construction.It becomes extremely urgent to cognize Wushu more comprehensively in both Chinese and Western modes of thinking under the call of the strategy "cultural powerful country".This paper aims to cognize Wushu more comprehensively and investigate the truth of Wushu by comprehensively interpreting "art"," wushu", and " bushidao" from the perspective of the epistemology---Chinese and Western fusion of horizon and from perceptual, rational, intuitive these three cognition level with the approaches of literature, logical analysis, expert interviews, interdisciplinary,etc.The study shows:The study of Wushu epistemology needs to break the western epistemology jail, challenge western epistemology hegemonism, to build Wushu epistemology from the Chinese and western epistemology perspective. Wushu should be cognized not only in the cognitive pattern of subject-object dichotomy, but also in the pre-subject-object human being syncretizing nature intuitive cognitive pattern.Wushu is not in existence at the beginning, but it is destined to come into being because of all other conditions. Wushu cognition is the belief about Wushu by the people. The rational cognition of Wushu is an endless process of "wushu practice--Wushu theory--Wushu practice". And the way of Wushu rational cognition is:"doubt about wushu theory--theoretical criticism--the overthrow of wushu theory--the reconstruction of wushu theory ". The circular argument of " wushu theory disillusion--Wushu theory reconstruction--wushu theory disillusion " brings us closer and closer to the objective truth of wushu, but not ever the truth.The perceptual cognition of wushu includes:wushu practice,wushu films, wushu novels, wushu performs and aesthetics. Wushu practice is influenced by historical conditions, ideology, productivity level, the level of science and technology and other insurmountable factors,so it can not fully show the testing effect of wushu.The three perceptual kinds of wushu cognitive:Wushu films, wushu novels and wushu contesting performs need to act with united strength, promote in all ways.it is necessary to carry out a dialectical view on the wushu films, wushu novels, but also carries on the reform of wushu competition, to increase the martial arts aspect, and to strengthen Wushu attraction, so that the formation of correct concept of wushu can be promoted. Wushu aesthetic is a way to grasp and cognize wushu in a perceptual view,it can also achieve the "true" and "good" effect of wushu.Different levels have different aesthetic realm of Wushu, and the relative truth and value of WushuThe rational cognition about wushu can be divided simply into three kinds: critical theory cognition, experienced science cognition, theoretic science cognition. Criticism about wushu is the driving force of the development of Wushu, while wushu theory and practice needs to help each other in the process of the development of Wushu. There are seven attributes of wushu:aggressivity, nationality, culture, sports, art, diversity, rheology.Wushu belongs to not only natural science, social science but also science of thinking and human science. Wushu has the value in the areas such as, attack and defense, fitness, education, economy, entertainment, cultivation one’s original nature,besides,the value of Wushu will vary with the change of social environment and personal needs. In Husserl’s Phenomenology Horizon, only"phenomenology of consciousness" was studied while all the contents outside of Wushu consciousness were suspended. It is intuitive cognition and also a cognition about bushidao to take the consciousness about wushu as the equivalents to perceptual cognition and study the law of wushu through essential intuition, as it equals to the rational cognition of Wushu and the restore of Wushu transcending theory.Wushu is a kind of consciousness about attack and defense, performance or fitness,and this consciousness comes into being in the process of thinking over about how to attack and defense,how to perform or build body after the judgment given by the subject consciousness to the object consciousness.In the perspective of social Darwinism, with the faith of "survival of the fittest", there are four ways for the development of wushu as following:either adapting to western culture of competition, or western competition culture being adapted to harmonious culture of China, or Chinese and Western cultural getting into fusion, or wushu being eliminated by the western culture. The analysis shows that there are still some shortcomings in the practice of the competitive wushu as a adapting strategy although it is of great merit,so we need to take "being adapted" strategy--promoting the comprehensive development of Wushu through the development of culture by diffusing the traditional culture of Chinese preferentially.What’s more,the analysis proves that the Chinese harmonious culture has the capability to be accepted by the people of the world, while wushu,as a symbol of China, it needs to undertake the historical task of inheriting Chinese culture, shaping the personality of Chinese People, promoting the culture fusion between the Chinese and Western, cultivating the world culture of more civilized and progressive, so the development of wushu at present needs to take the way of fusion of Chinese and Western culture. As for the wushu’s being eliminated, the analysis shows the possibility in the ideal state, however, wushu,the art of " struggling" will never disappear only if there is everlasting struggling heart. The belief of wushu " struggling" in the conflict theory paradigm is mainly manifested in the "war" conflict between the classes and interests group and the interpersonal"duel" conflict. While Wushu is not only the culture, which can cultivate the corresponding educated people,but also the carrier of expressing of human spiritual culture, and the carrier of the conveying interpersonal emotion consciousness, as the body of wushu, its movement is moreover to convey the spirit of heaven’s will. The decoding of wushu is not only the interpretation of spiritual connotation and consciousness thinking to the people encoding the boxing types, but also the decoding of the Chinese traditional culture and the decoding of the heaven.Therefore, taking interdisciplinary study about wushu is an inevitable trend for the future wushu study, and the interdisciplinary study should be increased during the wushu study so that the progress and development of academic study on wushu can be promoted.There are generally four kinds of explanations about bushidao:I) the Japanese "wushu", Ⅱ)"Tao" of wushu, Ⅲ) ontology of wushu, Ⅳ) enhancing to tao through wushu. The fourth of the explanation-----enhancing to tao through wushu is an intuitive perspective to cognize wushu, and there are some kinds of the way to enhance to tao through wushu as following:enhancing to tao by the training of wushu,enhancing to tao both by the study of culture knowledge and training of wushu, enhancing to tao by both the study of dhyana and training wushu,enhancing to tao by the study of dhyana, cultural knowledge and the training of wushu. And the state of the enhancing to tao through wushu can be divided into three:representation, illusion, the truth. However, the cognition to wushu at present can not only be depended on the intuitive way, but also need practice and logical to be cooperated with each other, and only in this way, the progress of human cognition, and the development of Wushu can be promoted.The of truth of wushu can be divided into:the objective truth of wushu, relative truth of wushu, pragmatism truth of wushu, limitation truth of wushu,agnosticism truth of wushu.It is conducive for the Chinese wushu diffusion as well as the Chinese cultural diffusion in the whole world and the development of Chinese soft power to interpret the epistemology system structure in both the Chinese and Western modes of thinking. Wushu epistemology is playing an important role in the philosophy of wushu, and this paper will help for the development and perfection of the philosophy of wushu. |
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