A Correlation Study Of The Evaluation Of Tutors’ Guidance From Postgraduates’ Aspect And Their Mental Health

ObjectiveThis research from the standpoint of graduate student cognitive, aims to find the situation of tutors’guiding behaviors and graduate students’ mental health, to analyse the influencing of graduate teachers’tutoring and graduate students’ mental health. Tutors’ guiding behaviors is discussed, which about how to through the psychological resilience, coping styles and personality affect the path of the postgraduate’s mental health.Methods1. Sampling Approach and SubjectsThis research sample includes Doctor and Master’s graduate student total1500people. according to the azimuth sequence, from the east, west, south, north and central, a total of28colleges and universities were selected, and then students in these schools were selected by their school types, colleges of arts, universities of science and engineering and medical schools were choose. Combined with stratification and snowball sampling method, selected300graduates from each institution, a total of1500research graduate students were selected as investigation object. In September to December in2012,on-site investigation was conducted.1203questionnaires acquired from1500questionnaires, recovery rate of80.20%. There were1168valid questionnaires, the effective rate was97.09%. The sample included543males(46.5%),625females (53.5%); average age was24.81±2.032.2. Assessment ToolThe questionnaires includes:(1) Guiding Behavior Questionnaire, Compiled based on the characteristics of tutors to guide graduate students behavior, including9items, using five score. Extracted by factor analysis results contains instrumental guidance and affective interaction, the Cronbach’s alpha is0.821.(2) SCL-90, CD-RISC, SCWQ and EPQ-RSC. After test reliability and validity of all achieve the psychological measurement study on the reliability and validity of requirements.3. Statistical methodsUse Epidata3.1establish database, using SPSS17.0、AMOS16.0for data processing, statistical methods including:descriptive analysis, independent samples t test and single factor analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression analysis, SEM, etc.Results1. The most stressful things ratio respectively was:learning/scientific research, economic and job choice.43.2%participants communicate with tutor only1～2times a month.17.3%of participants had a confrontation with tutor, its conflict in37.9%and26.6%because of "scientific research subjecf" and "different personal values". When conflicts appeared,51.7%of the participants made the "self-regulation" choice, only 14.3%of the students chose "asking help from others".2. What unreasonable behaviour easy to take by mentors in the process of guiding graduate students were:"force graduate students completely according to mentor’s ideas for scientific research (44.7%)","decided graduate student’s papers signed(38.0%)","vented their anger on graduates (22.9%)" and "express excessive intimacy with students(16.8%)".3. The study showed that31.1%.graduate students may have psychological problems. Among them, the detection rate in the top three factors was depression, obsessive-compulsive and anxiety. Their SCL-90scores except the factor of depression points higher than the national norm and youth norm, the other factor scores were lower than the national norm, and the differences in each factor was statistically significant (P<0.05). single,age,whether to have children and have work experience were not affected (P>0.05). different gender had no statistical difference (P>0.05) excepted the force and depression, while other various factors had statistical significance (P<0.05). And men in every factor score higher than women. Participants whether clashed with mentor in each factor of mental health on the comparison of differences between groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). A graduate student who had a confrontation with mentor graduate students in every factor score was higher than less conflict.4. The resilience of graduate students were on average richer, the tenacity factor score was the highest. Mental toughness each factors and total score with SCL-90total score was significantly negatively correlated (P<0.01).SCL-90total score as the dependent variable, mental toughness of the three factor scores as independent variables to conducted multiple stepwise regression equation. Only "power factor" fitted into the regression equation, have significant predictive power for "mental health". Toughness in mentor guiding behavior and partial mediation effect between psychological symptoms and the mediation effect of total effect ratio was15.68%.5. Graduates adopted positive coping styles more. And positive coping with SCL-90negatively correlated (P<0.01), while negative coping was positively correlated with SCL-90(P<0.01). Total score of SCL-90was divided into the dependent variable, in response to the way the two factors of positive coping and negative coping as independent variables, then multiple linear stepwise regression equation was conducted. It showed that two prediction variables have significant predictive power on "mental health".6. In graduate students’ personality traits, extraversion scored the highest. Extraversion and masked negatively correlated with SCL-90(P<0.01), while neuroticism and psychoticism was a positive correlation with SCL-90(P<0.01). Divided graduate SCL-90into the dependent variable, personality four factors as independent variables, multiple linear stepwise regression equation was conducted. Neuroticism and extraversion have significant predictive power for "mental health".7. Making SCL-90score as dependent variable, all the factors as independent variables, multiple linear stepwise regression equation was conducted. It showed that a mentor guide behavior, mental toughness, neuroticism, positive coping, negative coping came into the equation is significant predictive power for "mental health". And the most predictive power on the mental health was "nervous".8. The unreasonable tutoring behaviours of each factors and total score and the score of SCL-90were positively correlated (P<0.01). Tutoring would affect graduate students’ mental health though resilience, coping styles and personality. the results of analysis indicated that this model provided a reasonable good fit for tutoring to mental health(χ2=5.182,df=2,χ2/df=591<5,RMSEA=0.037<0.05).Conclusions1. Graduate student stress source is learning and scientific research, income and the word choice, due to inconsistent research and personal values conflict probability is higher. Graduate students tend to choose self-adjusting or withdraw, it exist some unreasonable behaviors in tutoring. Such as complete according to their ideas for graduate students research, decision to publish papers signed, put anger to students.2. There are more psychological hazards in Graduate student,for mainly depression, compulsive behavior and anxiety. But compared with other populations, in addition to depression is higher than the general population, the other psychological problems were lower than the general population.3. Tutoring behavior, resilience, personality and coping style have significant forecasting effect on mental health, among them, nervous about the influence of postgraduate’s mental health is the most significant.4. Tutoring behavior will directly affect the postgraduate’s mental health. And through the intermediary coping style,personality,resilience, work on postgraduate’s mental health. Personality traits of emotional stability, positive coping styles and mental toughness is the key to maintain to mental health, stay away from psychological disease.Innovations1. In this study, The tutoring behavior questionnaire we organized shows good reliability and validity, in line with the basic requirements of psychometrics. The exploratory factor analysis revealed that mentoring behavior includes instrumental guidance and emotional interaction, quantitative reflects the status of mental health and tutoring behaviors, how to affect the mechanism of graduate student’s mental health are discussed in this paper.2. The nationwide,comprehensive survey investigate the mental health status present among postgraduates.graduate students mental health status of Discuss the tutoring behavior, resilience, personality and coping style factors in correlation with postgraduate’s mental health.3.This study attempts to pull in "resilience" of positive psychology into postgraduate students’ mental health,in order to find the positive resources, reducing the influences of risk factors (mentor irrational behavior, pressure stress, etc.).Limitations of this Study and Hypothesis of Further Studies1. This study is a nationwide survey stratified sampling and snowball sampling combined to obtain the final sample, the proportion of medical graduates is specialty high, limited by research and time conditions.2. When comes to the scale applications, we had examined the mentoring behavior, toughness, coping and personality and mental health and the role of the path. Next we need intervene in order to test the stability of these factors influence graduate mental health.3. In order to make the resilience in the postgraduate, needs to be based on the related theory of resilience and the research results, the intervention plan need to evaluate the effects.