The Functional Study Of The Rural Temple In Guanzhong

Temple was born in ancient solemn ancestral temple, community festival and folk beliefs.During Han, Tang and Song Dynasties, Temple joined in Buddhism, Taoism’s religious beliefsand forms of entertainment, which was extremely prevalent in Ming and Qing Dynasties.Throughout the origin, development and evolution of temple in China, its form, content andfunctionality are developing and changing, and reflecting the era and local color, which is theunity of heritage and variability. But the temple has long been an important part of people’seconomic, spiritual and cultural life, which is the epitome of public life in rural China anddirectly or indirectly to meet human needs, every time and every place.At present, academic research on the temple is mainly concentrated in the North ChinaArea and Jiangsu and Zhejiang Area. From anthropology and folklore perspective, Scholarshave described the evolution of the temple and analyzed the traditional functions and modernfeatures of the temple, etc. The rural temple as the carrier of the public life, is the organiccombination of traditional culture and modern culture. Bronislaw Malinowski have thoughtthat culture is a set of tools, customs, and the habits of human body and mind, which is able tomeet human needs, directly or indirectly. The meaning of anything is dependent on itslocation in the human activity system, associated ideas and their values. From the sociologyperspective, using Malinowski’s cultural function theory, our study take the temple as a kindof folk culture, which is reflecting and meeting the demand of human society. According tofunctional demands for clues, we have grasped the current characteristics of the temple,analyzed the function of the temple and embodied the social needs, so exploring theconstruction of rural public life have enlightenment and reference significance.WuGong has been recognized as the town with outstanding people and smart land, thetemple is unique and long-standing. Starting from the current characteristics of the temple,using literature, questionnaire survey, interviews and field observation methods, we find thetemple in the locality was participated in the organization and management by the rural eliteelderly, it has mass compatibility with no identity; public entertainment; spontaneously raisefunds of civil self-organization; seasonal and mobility; practicality and low consumer characteristics. The author analysis the various functions hosted by the temple incontemporary rural public life, Such as political function with educating citizens andregulating life; emotional function with spiritual sustenance and interpersonal promotion;economic function with mobilizing private resources and promoting material exchange; socialfunction with rural elite elderly participate in the management. These features directly orindirectly meet people’s various social demands. With function to explain everything, frominstitutional culture needs of harmonious society, emotional needs of clinic spirit andcollective memory, financial support of social self-actualization, self-realization needs of therural elite elderly, so we put forward a constructive thinking on the public life of ruralconstruction.The temple as a carrier of the local people’s public life，it embodies the various socialdemands and carries a social significance. Because of it occupies a special position in therural life, so it is the Habermas’s "life world". However, with "money" and "bureaucratic"invasion unceasingly in modern society, there are some questions need to be addressed andimproved with construction of rural public life. The new rural construction, designed to shapethe people colorful, active, healthy, meaningful and valuable rural public life. Therefore, theconstruction of rural public life must reflect the requirements of harmonious society andconform to the requirements of the popular social morality to closely link People’s spirituallives and real life, give play to link role of rural elite elderly, and fully mobilize and raise thefolk resources.