Tang Dynasty Loyalty Culture

In the classical Chinese education and official selection system, Confucianism occupied the main position for a long period, at different times, the Confucian concept of performance also have different priorities. This difference is mainly caused by the changes of social conditions. This cultural atmosphere of scholar groups embodies the spirit of the times and the value of a time concept through all kinds of words and deeds.This paper is devoted to the exploration of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the concept of loyalty, perspective through their behavior-meaning orientation, and thus leads to the concept of "loyalty", loyalty in the strengthening, through macroscopic investigation on a long historical period, trying to explore the different reasons between the two generations of the strength of the concept of loyalty. In addition to the full text of the introduction and conclusion, it is divided into three parts.The first part is the first chapter of this thesis, mainly during the Sui and Tang Dynasties Confucianism development. From the two aspects described in the literature and historical events, with several representative figures and works as the representative of Confucian scholars in Tang Dynasty, described the factors thought of that, as the mainstream ideology of Confucian culture had an important impact on the society at that time.In this chapter, because of Wang Tong, Han Yu these two people’s ideas had a tremendous impact on the society at that time, I select two of them in the first section of this chapter in the thought expressed in Dunhuang area, at the same time unearthed documents "Li loyalty notes", then look into social Loyalty Education situation. Then through the interpretation of the relevant Confucian works in the second section, by a simple induction on Zhong Xiaoyi three. The last two aspects are related to the Confucian concept of recessive role play in the Tang Dynasty and in the political life.The second part is the second chapter, mainly from their loyalty behavior, relationship between the main and the students, the imperial examination system in the same year as the son, three aspects loyalty orientation in later Tang Dynasty, the shogunate scholars, revealing the scholars in different social relationships that have different moral guide. In this chapter, the author concludes, is in the judgment standard of people’s loyalty, between those who have lower level relations, are applicable scope of "loyalty" standard, here "loyalty" is just one aspect, but this aspect of the Tang Dynasty--especially in later, often mixed with various small character relationship, whether against the "loyal" this premise, become a constraining factor in the consideration of personal "loyalty" behavior.The third part is the third chapter and the fourth chapter. The third chapter starts from the two typical cases Feng Dao and Wen Tianxiang, from the Five Dynasties to the song at the end of this period is greatly strengthened the concept of loyalty, and even a similar and the same political blood. Moreover, in this part of the third chapter, the author pays special attention to Feng Daohe Wen Tianxiang in the concept of "loyalty" that has undergone a process from "the world" to the "King" of the transformation, resulting in the exploration of the factors causing this transformation, namely in the fourth chapter.In the fourth chapter, the author first from the imperial examination system caused by the collapse of traditional literati, that loss of scholar self-reliance, so the chain of gentry group is increasingly close. In the second part of this chapter, the author from the angle of Hu Han, reviewed the history from the southern and Northern Dynasties to two song time, put forward a hypothesis, namely after the Sui and Tang Dynasties mass of Hu and Han fusion, minority who are already by the Northern Dynasties of Chinese, there is a conflict to fully accept it. Based on this premise, to the Song Dynasty, has the rise of Liao and Jin Dynasty while the military can not attack and destroy the regime, but in a culture with "China", began with the song for the culture of the orthodox position. The whole Chinese face Galerkin bring cultural pressure, on the "loss of the ritual to the wild" concerns, in order to strengthen their own cultural orthodoxy, people have to find the reality basis. Unfortunately, the Central Plains traditional culture as an important realistic basis of orthodox, has been lost in the Southern Song Dynasty, another can be used as the "culture of the orthodox" is the basis of blood, the blood, is not only the ethnic groups, and political meaning, in and abroad, is the concept of loyalty to strengthen.