A Comparative Study Of Adverbs Default "empty" And "virtual" Negation

This paper mainly discusses the differences between the two modern Chinesepreset negative adverbs "Kong" and "Xu" in the syntactic form, semantic features,subjective expression and grammatical process. In addition to the preface andconclusion, it is mainly divided into four parts:The first chapter focuses on the analysis of the two preset negative adverbs"Kong" and "Xu" about the differences in syntactic distribution and the tie-in way.Bymaking a rough comparison on the syntactic form of the seven preset negativeadverbs in modern Chinese,"Bai, Kong, Gan, Xia, Tu, Xu, Wang",we found that theyhave certain features in common, but some differences also exist in the use of time,scope, methods, frequency etc.This chapter we will make a form discription andcomparative analysis on the syntactic characteristics of the two modern Chinesenegative adverbs,"Kong" and "Xu", from the synchronic plane form, mainly from theaspects of the structure feature of the syntactic component, the static objectclassification of collocation of the verbs, the semantic characteristics of thecollocation of the combinations and the overlaying of the negative adverbs, etc.The second chapter mainly studies the differences on the semantic featuresand stylistic features of the two negative adverbs "Kong" and "Xu" in modern Chinese.This chapter is on the basis of the comments in the all kinds of reference books,makes deep analysis to the personality characteristics of "Kong" and "Xu", fromindirect comparison to direct comparison, in order to fully explain the semanticexpression characteristics of the two adverbs in the synchronic plane. We hold theopinion that all the semantic expressing features of "Kong" and "Xu" are to express akind of "subjective modal orientation" of the speaker, which is high-level semantics,that is, the subjectivie semantics.The third chapter mainly explores the differences in subjective degree and theexpressional effect of the negative adverbs "Kong" and "Xu".Through using therelevant knowledge of cognitive linguistics, especially the theory of idealizedcognitive models, as well as the subjectivity, the subjective theory, focusing on a detailed description and functional explanation to the language facts, we believe thatthe subjectivity can be both semantically performance and the effect on theexpression of pragmatics.The fourth chapter focuses on the differences in motivation and mechanismof grammaticalization between "Kong" and "Xu". By looking up the words in the useof historical literature, we explain the motivation of grammaticalization from the twoaspects, their own semantic conditions and syntactic environment, try to explore thecritical point of semantic evolution, and then discuss the trigger mechanism of thephenomenon of grammaticalization, and the change of the subjective degree of thetwo words in the process of grammaticalization, by combining the mapping theorywith image schema theory from the aspects of the cognitive metaphor and pragmaticreasoning.