Heilongjiang river water system is the most northern water system ofChina. Its main rivers are Heilongjiang river, Songhua river, Ussuri river,Nenjiang river, etc. The most part the water system located in the territoryof Heilongjiang province. There are various types of ships navigable watersfor both rivers and lakes and reservoirs. Rapid development in recent years,the Waterborne economic in Heilongjiang province, capacity has expandedrapidly, the water transportation enterprises gradually showing a gooddevelopment momentum, in the process of economic development has playeda role should not be underestimated. But associated with water vessel，traffic safety accidents occur frequently, and presents thecharacteristics of multiple, significant, complexity, not only seriouslyaffected the development of water transport in our province, also causedgreat damage to the people and the country, so the water safety supervisionwork puts forward a new topic and challenge.Heilongjiang water transportation has a large volume, low energyconsumption, strong adaptability and international navigation, etc.Basedon this characteristic, the article from the "human-machine-environment-management" system, all the elements of the ship safety managementproblems that exist in the in-depth analysis, find out the weak links, andthe prevention of water safety accidents, to do a good job of safetysupervision of ship, thus to ensure the safety of navigation of ships. Inthis paper, the Heilongjiang province water ship safety regulation related theory, regulatory experience at home and abroad, safety supervisioncountermeasures and so on has carried on the thorough analysis.To do a goodjob of water traffic safety regulation in the new period is imperative.The results showed that: in water safety supervision, both the subjectand object of supervision, supervision of security system there are stillsome problems. And the causes of these problems both regulators andpersonnel reasons, there are regulatory standards and legal system reasons.At the same time, water safety supervision by the dual effects of theinternal and external factors. Therefore, this article put forward thereform way of ship safety supervision in Heilongjiang province andsuggested measures such as strengthening the construction of support system.