| At present, China has entered the late development stage of industrialization,with a high proportion of heavy industry, and lax management. Industry’s promotedeconomic development, but also caused serious and lasting damage and pollution.Hot issues closely related to environmental pollution, such as the current haze, duststorms, groundwater, and toxicity of heavy metal pollution, are endless, so thedevelopment concept of “GDP is King†is again subjected to a new round of gusto.The occurrence of environmental pollution incidents not only destroys the people’sliving environment, harms public health, even affects social harmony and stability,especially after some of the pollution incident, the victim cannot be compensated,leading to many social contradictions. Insurance is an economic compensationmechanism of decentralized risk and digestive loss. Facing current environmentalpollution problems, environmental pollution liability insurance (hereinafter referredto as the "EPLI"),"comes timely," and plays an important role in "advance prevention,post-compensation ". In advance, strengthen the investigation of the potential risks,take effective and cost-effective way to kill risks in the "cradle" and establish lossprevention and reduction system; afterwards conduct emergency management tosudden environmental incidents, minimum the loss, compensate the affected peoplewith the insurance compensation fully and timely.Ring liability insurance in China originated in the early1990s. When only a fewcities started a pilot on it, but the market performance was not satisfactory, and thering liability insurance carried out less than five years, then the relevant insuranceproducts have disappeared. From2007to2012, the environmental pollution liabilityinsurance again greeted. With the "Guidelines on the EPLI Work"(hereinafterreferred to as "guidance ") jointly issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protectionand the China Insurance Regulatory Commission as a symbol, this work began as apilot of a small area in the country, although this period has made some pilot experience, but it is not so smooth as expected. Last year in February, the Ministry ofEnvironmental Protection and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission jointlyissued the "Guidance on Conducting EPLI Pilot Work"(UNCED [2013]No.10),incorporated the "enterprise involving heavy metals and petrochemical industries ofhigh environmental risk" into the scope of compulsory insurance, and theseenterprises must be insured environmental pollution liability insurance. As of thecurrent, in the period from2008to2012in parts of the pilot has made some successin the technical specifications as well as incentives. Insurance, playing a role inenvironmental pollution incidents, has been gradually accepted and recognized by thepublic.This paper, based on the theory of Insurance, running through the institutionaleconomics, management, law and statistics and other ideas, has laid a theoreticalfoundation for China’s environmental pollution liability insurance system; and hasundertaken a pilot case studies and experiences mode refining in China, and haslearned from the experience from some developed countries after the IndustrialRevolution such as the United States, Japan, Germany, France, and developingcountry India which carried out environmental pollution liability insurance and hasprovided a strong practice analysis for environmental pollution liability insurancesystem; on this basis, the paper concludes problems should notice and thecorresponding recommendations to complete the system.This paper along the "questions-solutions-results monitoring and feedback"loop continuously analyze and solve problems, identify problems in practice,proposed the optimal solution in the real constraint. It provides practical solutions forenvironmental pollution liability insurance promoted in the country and proposes thatit should be based on the actual situation in each region, cannot be "one size fits all",at least to consider the risk characteristics of their own industry to adopt differentpolicies and rates levels. |
